Time Course for Recovery of Water Maze Performance and Central Cholinergic Innervation After Fluid Percussion Injury

Schmidt, Richard H.; Scholten, Kevin J.; Maughan, Peter H.

doi:10.1089/neu.1999.16.1139

Cited by 43 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…peak pressure) (Cortez et al, 1989;Hicks et al, 1993Hicks et al, , 1996Lowenstein et al, 1992;Conti et al, 1998;Smith et al, 1991) as well as alterations in motor and sensory performance (Dixon et al, 1987;McIntosh et al, 1989;Lyeth et al, 1990;Hallam et al, 2004;Long et al, 1996;Pierce et al, 1998) and cognitive deficits (Lyeth et al, 1990;Hallam et al, 2004;Hicks et al, 1993;Smith et al, 1991;Schmidt et al, 1999). Here, we did an analysis of the mortality rate of a wider set of fluid percussion injuries to adult animals from a set of animals used for a different study in our lab.…”

Section: Variability With Rise-time Magnitude and Impulsementioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid percussion injury device for the precise control of injury parameters

Wahab

Neuberger

Lyeth

et al. 2015

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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h i g h l i g h t s• A novel fluid percussion injury (FPI) system was designed and built.• The system generated fluid percussions with independently adjustable peak pressures, rise times and impulses.• Immediate post-injury behavior was similar between the custom FPI system and the commonly used FPI system.• Fluoro-Jade labeling in the hilus and CA2-3 and granule cell population spike amplitude were consistent between systems.• Slow fluid percussion rise times increased mortality and reduced motor function in a subset of adult rats. a r t i c l e i n f o t r a c tBackground: Injury to the brain can occur from a variety of physical insults and the degree of disability can greatly vary from person to person. It is likely that injury outcome is related to the biomechanical parameters of the traumatic event such as magnitude, direction and speed of the forces acting on the head. New method: To model variations in the biomechanical injury parameters, a voice coil driven fluid percussion injury (FPI) system was designed and built to generate fluid percussion waveforms with adjustable rise times, peak pressures, and durations. Using this system, pathophysiological outcomes in the rat were investigated and compared to animals injured with the same biomechanical parameters using the pendulum based FPI system. Results in comparison with existing methods: Immediate post-injury behavior shows similar rates of seizures and mortality in adolescent rats and similar righting times, toe pinch responses and mortality rates in adult rats. Interestingly, post injury mortality in adult rats was sensitive to changes in injury rate. Fluoro-Jade labeling of degenerating neurons in the hilus and CA2-3 hippocampus were consistent between injuries produced with the voice coil and pendulum operated systems. Granule cell population spike amplitude to afferent activation, a measure of dentate network excitability, also showed consistent enhancement 1 week after injury using either system. Conclusions: Overall our results suggest that this new FPI device produces injury outcomes consistent with the commonly used pendulum FPI system and has the added capability to investigate pathophysiology associated with varying rates and durations of injury.

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Section: Variability With Rise-time Magnitude and Impulsementioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid percussion injury device for the precise control of injury parameters

Wahab

Neuberger

Lyeth

et al. 2015

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Research groups have utilized this test because it is sensitive to cognitive damage associated with mild brain injury. 9,38,52,54 Furthermore, a 1-day version of this test has been reported to demonstrate deficits in spatial learning and memory in both mice and rats. 2,18,19 A fiberglass pool (1.83 m in diameter) was filled with water, approximately 23°C, made opaque with black acrylic, non-toxic paint.…”

Section: Neurocognitive Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mild Neurotrauma Indicates a Range-Specific Pressure Response to Low Level Shock Wave Exposure

et al. 2011

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Identifying the level of overpressure required to create physiological deficits is vital to advance prevention, diagnostic, and treatment strategies for individuals exposed to blasts. In this study, a rodent model of primary blast neurotrauma was employed to determine the pressure at which acute neurological alterations occurred. Rats were exposed to a single low intensity shock wave at a pressure of 0, 97, 117, or 153 kPa. Following exposure, rats were assessed for acute cognitive alterations using the Morris water maze and motor dysfunction using the horizontal ladder test. Subsequently, histological analyses of three brain regions (primary motor cortex, the hippocampal dentate gyrus region, and the posteromedial cortical amygdala) were conducted. Histological parameters included measuring the levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) to identify astrocyte activation, cleaved caspase-3 for early apoptosis identification and Fluoro-Jade B (FJB) which labels degenerating neurons within the brain tissue. The results demonstrated that an exposure to a single 117 kPa shock wave revealed a significant change in overall neurological deficits when compared to controls and the other pressures. The animals showed significant alterations in water maze parameters and a histological increase in the number of GFAP, caspase-3, and FJB-positive cells. It is suggested that when exposed to a low level shock wave, there may be a biomechanical response elicited by a specific pressure range which can cause low level neurological deficits within the rat. These data indicate that neurotrauma induced from a shock wave may lead to cognitive deficits in short-term learning and memory of rats. Additional histological evidence supports significant and diffuse glial activation and cellular damage. Further investigation into the biomechanical aspects of shock wave exposure is required to elucidate this pressure range-specific phenomenon.

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“…Finally, administration of human bone marrow stromal cells into the rat brain after TBI provides functional improvements, thought to be a result of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in the lesioned area [117]. These data explain the substantive spontaneous cognitive recovery observed following TBI [118].…”

Section: Progesterone: An Essential Neurotrophic Hormone During All Pmentioning

confidence: 75%

Gonadotropins and Progestogens: Obligatory Developmental Functions during Early Embryogenesis and their Role in Adult Neurogenesis, Neuroregeneration and Neurodegeneration

Atwood

Meethal

2011

Hormones in Neurodegeneration, Neuroprotection, and Neurogenesis

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IntroductionHormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis are well known for their roles in reproduction. However, sex hormones have roles far beyond the regulation and coordination of reproduction; they also control the entire molecular process of life from the conception of the embryo through its development into an adult and finally its demise during senescence [1]. This recent understanding of the ''big picture,'' that is, of how HPG hormones regulate life processes, has gathered support from studies identifying the function of reproductive hormones in embryonic development [2][3][4][5], as well as from studies into the extrareproductive functions of HPG hormones in the postreproductive physiology of mammals (reviewed in [6]).This chapter describes our current, albeit incomprehensively small, knowledge of how reproductive (pregnancy) hormones direct growth and development during embryogenesis. It also describes the requirement for these reproductive hormones during adult life, and how the age-related dysregulation in the signaling of these hormones drives neurodegeneration and cognitive decline during senescence. Hormonal Regulation of Human Embryogenesis The Missing LinksEmbryogenesis is a complex coordinated series of molecular and cellular changes that takes place within a well-defined internal environment. Human embryogenesis is orchestrated by a complex array of endocrine signals that commences with conception, is followed by the growth and development of the zygote into a blastocyst, its implantation into the endometrium, and the subsequent growth and development of the blastocyst into the neonate. Following conception, the Hormones in Neurodegeneration, Neuroprotection, and Neurogenesis.

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Time Course for Recovery of Water Maze Performance and Central Cholinergic Innervation After Fluid Percussion Injury

Cited by 43 publications

References 35 publications

Fluid percussion injury device for the precise control of injury parameters

Fluid percussion injury device for the precise control of injury parameters

Mild Neurotrauma Indicates a Range-Specific Pressure Response to Low Level Shock Wave Exposure

Gonadotropins and Progestogens: Obligatory Developmental Functions during Early Embryogenesis and their Role in Adult Neurogenesis, Neuroregeneration and Neurodegeneration

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