Time-controlled synthesis mechanism analysis of kesterite-phased Cu2ZnSnS4 nanorods via colloidal route

Jain, Srishti; Singh, Dinesh; Vijayan, N.; Sharma, Shailesh Narain

doi:10.1007/s13204-018-0781-1

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This is because these platforms not only support CT between the SERS substrate and the absorbed molecules but also direct nanostructure morphologies on which the noble metal is located. Consequently, it is very effective to achieve a highly sensitive SERS substrate made from the combination of noble metals and semiconductor nanostructures, such as the combination of Ag NPs, or Au NPs with ZnO, 6–11 AZO, 12 TiO 2 , 13,14 Al 2 O 3 , 15,16 Cu 2 ZnSnS 4, 17 Si, 18 Cu 2 O, 19 Fe 3 O 4 , 20 ZnO–CuO 21 … and recently, the 2D materials such as MoS 2 , 22 graphene. 23–25 The morphology of ZnO nanomaterials could be easily controlled for nanorods, nanowires, nanoneedles, and nanotubes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing charge transfer of SERS by the combination of amorphous Al₂O₃–Al thin film and ZnO nanorods decorated with Ag nanoparticles for trace detection of metronidazole

et al. 2023

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing charge transfer of SERS by the combination of amorphous Al₂O₃–Al thin film and ZnO nanorods decorated with Ag nanoparticles for trace detection of metronidazole

et al. 2023

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“…Shefali Jain et al fabricated pure CZTS NCs from the metal sulfide precursors. The size distribution was found to be uniform utilizing a one‐step supported hydrothermal route with a particle size of about 5 to 7 nm were obtained 12 . Recently, Malerba et al reported that Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) nanocrystals were synthesized by hot injection of metal chloride precursors with hydrazine as a solvent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The size distribution was found to be uniform utilizing a one-step supported hydrothermal route with a particle size of about 5 to 7 nm were obtained. 12 Recently, Malerba et al reported that Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) nanocrystals were synthesized by hot injection of metal chloride precursors with hydrazine as a solvent. They studied the influence of fabrication conditions on the composition, size and microstructure of the produced CZTS NCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of triethanolamine in forming Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ nanoparticles during solvothermal processing for solar cell applications

Al‒Hadeethi

Mkawi

Al‐Hartomy

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Herein, Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanoparticles were synthesized utilizing different amounts of triethanolamine (TEA) (2, 3, 4, and 5 mg/mL) via a simple solvothermal method. The TEA concentration's influence on the structure, phase formation, morphology, and composition of the CZTS nanoparticles was studied using various experimental techniques. XRD and Raman spectroscopy analyses indicated that the obtained product consisted of single‐phase CZTS nanoparticles with a kesterite structure and average crystal size of 33 to 43 nm; no secondary phases were detected. The TEM analysis revealed the powder nature of the nanoparticles and confirmed their crystallinity. The Zn‐rich and Cu‐poor composition and high sample purity were detected using EDX and confirmed by XPS analysis. The nanoparticles' energy band was between 1.54 and 1.75 eV, and their absorption coefficient exceeded 104 cm−1 in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum. FE‐SEM of the CZTS nanoparticles‐based thin film revealed its compact, smooth, and uniform morphology with no voids or cracks; the thin film was covered with grains approximately 3 μm in size. A devices with an SLG/Mo/CZTS/CdS/i‐ZnO/Al:ZnO/Al structure were fabricated using CZTS particles synthesized with a TEA concentration of 5 mg/mL, and the best device demonstrated a solar conversion efficiency of 4.33%.

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“…Previous mechanistic studies on the hot-injection synthesis of CZTS NCs have focused on the reaction as a whole, and have demonstrated that the reaction temperature/duration , as well as the identities of ligands, metal precursors, and the sulfur source can dictate the size, shape, and size-dispersity of the ensuing nanocrystalline ensemble . Notably, many one-pot reactions first observe binary Cu 2‑x S intermediates, , of which three have been identified: cubic digenite (Cu 1.8 S), hexagonal covellite (CuS), and monoclinic djurleite (Cu 1.96 S). , Generally, the formation of the binary template is followed by cation exchanges to incorporate Sn 4+ (along with sulfur) to form Cu 2 SnS 3 , and then Zn 2+ to form the k-CZTS phase. ,,− In these reactions, the initial formation of Cu 2‑x S is postulated to be favored over SnS and ZnS due to the softer Lewis acidity of Cu 2+ and its greater reactivity toward the soft base S 2– , correlating to the lower nucleation temperatures observed. ,, However, there is limited step-by-step information on how these templates influence cation exchange and the final phase of the quaternary CZTS NC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binary Cu_2–xS Templates Direct the Formation of Quaternary Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (Kesterite, Wurtzite) Nanocrystals

et al. 2021

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Kesterite Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (k-CZTS) nanocrystals have received attention for their tunable optoelectronic properties, as well as the earth abundance of their constituent atoms. However, the phase-pure synthesis of these quaternary NCs is challenging due to their polymorphism, as well as the undesired formation of related binary and ternary impurities. A general synthetic route to tackle this complexity is to pass through intermediate template nanocrystals that direct subsequent cation exchange toward the desired quaternary crystalline phase, particularly those that are thermodynamically disfavored or otherwise synthetically challenging. Here, working within this model multinary system, we achieve control over the formation of three binary copper sulfide polymorphs, cubic digenite (Cu 1.8 S), hexagonal covellite (CuS), and monoclinic djurleite (Cu 1.94 S). Controlled experiments with Cu 0 seeds show that selected binary phases can be favored by the identity and stoichiometry of the sulfur precursor alone under otherwise comparable reaction conditions. We then demonstrate that the nature of the Cu 2−x S template dictates the final polymorph of the CZTS nanocrystal products. Through digenite, the cation exchange reaction readily yields the k-CZTS phase due to its highly similar anion sublattice. Covellite nanocrystals template the k-CZTS phase but via major structural rearrangement to digenite that requires elevated temperatures in the absence of a strong reducing agent. In contrast, we show that independently synthesized djurleite nanorods template the formation of the wurtzite polymorph (w-CZTS) but with prominent stacking faults in the final product. Applying this refined understanding to the standard one-pot syntheses of k-and w-CZTS nanocrystals, we identify that these reactions are each effectively templated by binary intermediates formed in situ, harnessing their properties to guide the overall synthesis of phase-pure quaternary materials. Our results provide tools for the careful development of tailored nanocrystal syntheses in complex polymorphic systems.

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Time-controlled synthesis mechanism analysis of kesterite-phased Cu2ZnSnS4 nanorods via colloidal route

Cited by 11 publications

References 48 publications

Increasing charge transfer of SERS by the combination of amorphous Al₂O₃–Al thin film and ZnO nanorods decorated with Ag nanoparticles for trace detection of metronidazole

Increasing charge transfer of SERS by the combination of amorphous Al₂O₃–Al thin film and ZnO nanorods decorated with Ag nanoparticles for trace detection of metronidazole

Role of triethanolamine in forming Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ nanoparticles during solvothermal processing for solar cell applications

Binary Cu_2–xS Templates Direct the Formation of Quaternary Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (Kesterite, Wurtzite) Nanocrystals

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Time-controlled synthesis mechanism analysis of kesterite-phased Cu2ZnSnS4 nanorods via colloidal route

Cited by 11 publications

References 48 publications

Increasing charge transfer of SERS by the combination of amorphous Al2O3–Al thin film and ZnO nanorods decorated with Ag nanoparticles for trace detection of metronidazole

Increasing charge transfer of SERS by the combination of amorphous Al2O3–Al thin film and ZnO nanorods decorated with Ag nanoparticles for trace detection of metronidazole

Role of triethanolamine in forming Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 nanoparticles during solvothermal processing for solar cell applications

Binary Cu2–xS Templates Direct the Formation of Quaternary Cu2ZnSnS4 (Kesterite, Wurtzite) Nanocrystals

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Increasing charge transfer of SERS by the combination of amorphous Al₂O₃–Al thin film and ZnO nanorods decorated with Ag nanoparticles for trace detection of metronidazole

Increasing charge transfer of SERS by the combination of amorphous Al₂O₃–Al thin film and ZnO nanorods decorated with Ag nanoparticles for trace detection of metronidazole

Role of triethanolamine in forming Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ nanoparticles during solvothermal processing for solar cell applications

Binary Cu_2–xS Templates Direct the Formation of Quaternary Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (Kesterite, Wurtzite) Nanocrystals