Time asymmetries in extensive air showers: A novel method to identify UHECR species

Dova, M. T.; Manceñido, Mónica E.; Mariazzi, A. G.; Wahlberg, H.; Arqueros, F.; Pinto, Diego García

doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2009.03.001

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This can be understood because of the absence of the electromagnetic component and dominance of the high energy muon component in inclined showers, the latter being basically free of asymmetries. The zenith angle at which the rise-time asymmetry becomes maximum, θ max , was demonstrated to be correlated with the shower development [116] and [118] (E = 0.12 EeV) and compared to ten simulated [33] air showers for three different primary particle types using the hadronic interaction model QGSJetII [37].…”

Section: Rise-timementioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of the cosmic ray composition with air shower experiments

Kampert

Unger

2012

Astroparticle Physics

429

434

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In this paper we review air shower data related to the mass composition of cosmic rays above 10 15 eV. After explaining the basic relations between air shower observables and the primary mass and energy of cosmic rays, we present different approaches and results of composition studies with surface detectors. Furthermore, we discuss measurements of the longitudinal development of air showers from non-imaging Cherenkov detectors and fluorescence telescopes.The interpretation of these experimental results in terms of primary mass is highly susceptible to the theoretical uncertainties of hadronic interactions in air showers. We nevertheless attempt to calculate the logarithmic mass from the data using different hadronic interaction models and to study its energy dependence from 10 15 eV to 10 20 eV.

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Section: Rise-timementioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of the cosmic ray composition with air shower experiments

Kampert

Unger

2012

Astroparticle Physics

429

434

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“…This translates into a reduction of the asymmetry as θ approaches 90 • . As discussed in [34,35], for a given energy E, the azimuthal asymmetry dependence upon sec θ shows a correlation with the average longitudinal development of the shower. Hence the time asymmetry is sensitive to the average mass of the primary cosmic ray.…”

Section: Concept Of Azimuthal Asymmetry In the Risetimementioning

confidence: 79%

Azimuthal asymmetry in the risetime of the surface detector signals of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Aab¹,

Abreu²,

Aglietta³

et al. 2016

Phys. Rev. D

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The azimuthal asymmetry in the risetime of signals in Auger surface detector stations is a source of information on shower development. The azimuthal asymmetry is due to a combination of the longitudinal evolution of the shower and geometrical effects related to the angles of incidence of the particles into the detectors. The magnitude of the effect depends upon the zenith angle and state of development of the shower and thus provides a novel observable, (sec θ)max, sensitive to the 4 mass composition of cosmic rays above 3 × 10 18 eV. By comparing measurements with predictions from shower simulations, we find for both of our adopted models of hadronic physics (QGSJETII-04 and EPOS-LHC) an indication that the mean cosmic-ray mass increases slowly with energy, as has been inferred from other studies. However, the mass estimates are dependent on the shower model and on the range of distance from the shower core selected. Thus the method has uncovered further deficiencies in our understanding of shower modelling that must be resolved before the mass composition can be inferred from (sec θ)max.

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“…events with larger zenith angle tend to trigger less due to the attenuation of their electromagnetic component. For moderately inclined showers, an asymmetry is expected in the signal detected in the stations placed at the same distance to the shower axis but with different azimuth in the shower frame [15]. Indeed, secondary particles arriving earlier traverse less atmosphere and are less attenuated than the late ones.…”

Section: Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%