Time-assisted energy reconstruction in a highly-granular hadronic calorimeter

Abstract

The software compensation algorithms developed for the CALICE Analog Hadron Calorimeter are extended to incorporate time information on the cell level, and the performance is studied in GEANT4 simulations with a detector model of a highly-granular SiPM-on-tile calorimeter. The addition of ns-level time resolution is found to result in significant improvement of the energy resolution for local software compensation, with further improvement possible with better resolution. The high correlation of energy density and time variables show that both provide sensitivity to correlated underlying shower features, which limits the potential of timing information when used as a global rather than a local variable.

Precision timing for collider-experiment-based calorimetry

“…Along the same lines, highly granular time information of hadronic showers can also be used in software compensation techniques as an additional dimension, with the potential for further improvement of the energy resolution. Simulation studies performed in the context of the CALICE SiPM-on-tile analog hadron calorimeter show that a cell-by-cell time resolution on the ns level for MIP-equivalent energy depositions results in an increase of the improvement of the energy resolution by 10% to 15% compared to a purely energydensity-based local method [18]. The gain provided by timing can be approximately doubled with significant better time resolution, as illustrated in Figure 4.…”

“…Some preliminary studies hint at 10 ps to 50 ps precision for below 30 GeV photons, using 1 ns resolution [17] with local software compensation using energy density alone, as well as timing with 1 ns resolution and with a perfect time resolution (corresponding to a few 100 ps, in practice). Figure taken from [18].…”

“…Figure4: Simulated single-hadron energy resolution for a highly granular SiPM-on-tile calorimeter closely modelled on the CALICE AHCAL[17] with local software compensation using energy density alone, as well as timing with 1 ns resolution and with a perfect time resolution (corresponding to a few 100 ps, in practice). Figure taken from[18].…”