Time and Space and the Variation of Species

Preston, F. W.

doi:10.2307/1931793

Cited by 596 publications

(570 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…The characteristic form of this relationship has motivated basic research (May 1975, Harner and Harper 1976, Shmida and Wilson 1985, Harte et al 1999a) and proven valuable in conservation applications (Pimm andAskins 1995, Myers et al 2000). Although first proposed by Preston (1960), only recently has considerable evidence been compiled for a temporal analogue of the SAR, the species-time relationship (STR; e.g. Rosenzweig 1995, Hadley and Maurer 2001, Adler and Lauenroth 2003, White 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a General Species–time–area Relationship

Adler

White

Lauenroth

et al. 2005

Ecology

156

264

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The species-area relationship (SAR) plays a central role in biodiversity research, and recent work has increased awareness of its temporal analog, the species-time relationship (STR). Here we provide evidence for a general species-time-area-relationship (STAR), in which species number is a function of the area and time span of sampling, as well as their interaction. For eight assemblages ranging from lake zooplankton to desert rodents, this model outperformed a sampling-based model and two simpler models in which area and time had independent effects. In every case the interaction term was negative, meaning that rates of species accumulation in space decreased with the time span of sampling, while species accumulation rates in time decreased with area sampled. Although questions remain about its precise functional form, the STAR provides a tool for scaling species richness across time and space, for comparing the relative rates of species turnover in space and time at different scales of sampling, and for rigorous testing of mechanisms proposed to drive community dynamics. Our results show that the SAR and STR are not separate relationships but two dimensions of one unified pattern.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a General Species–time–area Relationship

Adler

White

Lauenroth

et al. 2005

Ecology

156

264

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“…Although in a small scale, our proposed refuge can be a homologue of the buffer zones and ecological corridors from current literature. The theory on ecological corridors and buffer zones is rather old and abundant (Simpson, 1936;Preston, 1960;Forman, 1983 andSimberloff &Cox, 1987). Both, buffer zones and ecological corridors are used by animals during a certain period of their life cycle and regardless of their size, these areas increase the chances of survival (Preston, 1960), conservation and sustainability of animal diversity (sensu Bennett, 1991 andShafer, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The theory on ecological corridors and buffer zones is rather old and abundant (Simpson, 1936;Preston, 1960;Forman, 1983 andSimberloff &Cox, 1987). Both, buffer zones and ecological corridors are used by animals during a certain period of their life cycle and regardless of their size, these areas increase the chances of survival (Preston, 1960), conservation and sustainability of animal diversity (sensu Bennett, 1991 andShafer, 1990). Buffer zones and ecological corridors permeate physical conditions and in general present gradients of the environmental factors between disparate habitats (Simberloff and Cox, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat perturbation and survival strategies of the Andean catfish Astroblepus mariae (Fowler, 1919)

Buitrago-Suarez

Mojica

Bonneau³

2015

Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.

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Astroblepid species inhabit the Andean Cordilleras in South America. Their habitat has undergone a rapid transformation to the unimaginable levels of degradation since ancient times. State of knowledge on the habitat perturbation and the concomitant extirpation of endemic astroblepid species is scarce. The Andes Cordilleras are characterized by fertile soil and as a result of that, vast regions are transformed for agriculture and pasture for cattle. These processes require the use of water obtained from creeks and springs that causes remarkable changes of the natural configuration of these water systems and the disappearance of the fish fauna together with the zooplankton and aquatic flora. Despite these human actions, some species of Astroblepus may have the ability to respond to the rapid habitat transformation enabling them to survive. In this paper we will discuss the incidence of habitat perturbation in a localized stream segment on the presence of Astroblepus mariae. Key words: Habitat perturbation, survival, refuge, buffer zone. Perturbación de hábitat y estrategias de supervivencia del bagre Astroblepus mariae (Fowler, 1919) ResumenLas especies del género Astroblepus habitan en la cordillera de los Andes en Suramérica. Desde tiempos remotos sus hábitats han sufrido transformaciones rápidas que han resultado en niveles inimaginables de degradación. Sin embargo, es escaso el conocimiento sobre las perturbaciones de hábitat y la desaparición simultánea de especies endémicas del género Astroblepus. En general, los suelos de la cordillera de los Andes se caracterizan por su fertilidad, por lo que extensas regiones han sido transformadas para la agricultura y el pastoreo de ganado, procesos que requieren del uso de agua proveniente de arroyos y manantiales, lo cual conlleva cambios notables en la configuración natural de estos sistemas de agua, así como la desaparición de peces, zooplancton y flora acuática. A pesar de estas acciones antrópicas, algunas especies de Astroblepus parecen tener la capacidad de responder rápidamente a las transformaciones del hábitat y de sobrevivir en estas condiciones Se discute aquí la incidencia de la perturbación del hábitat en un tramo de arroyo con presencia de Astroblepus mariae. Palabras clave: perturbación de hábitat, supervivencia, refugio, zona amortiguadora.

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“…the way individuals are distributed in space and among species. McGill [8] defines a unified theory as one that generates at least two distinct macroecological patterns, such as the species-area relationship (SAR) [15,16] and the species abundance distribution (SAD) [17]. One can argue about the extent to which these patterns are separate and unconnected, or indeed about the minimum number of patterns a theory must explain to qualify as 'unified'.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can unified theories of biodiversity explain mammalian macroecological patterns?

Jones

Blackburn

Isaac

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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The idea of a unifying theory of biodiversity linking the diverse array of macroecological patterns into a common theoretical framework is very appealing. We explore this idea to examine currently proposed unified theories of biodiversity (UTBs) and their predictions. Synthesizing the literature on the macroecological patterns of mammals, we critically evaluate the evidence to support these theories. We find general qualitative support for the UTBs' predictions within mammals, but rigorous testing is hampered by the types of data typically collected in studies of mammals. In particular, abundance is rarely estimated for entire mammalian communities or of individual species in multiple locations, reflecting the logistical challenges of studying wild mammal populations. By contrast, there are numerous macroecological patterns (especially allometric scaling relationships) that are extremely well characterized for mammals, but which fall outside the scope of current UTBs. We consider how these theories might be extended to explain mammalian biodiversity patterns more generally. Specifically, we suggest that UTBs need to incorporate the dimensions of geographical space, species' traits and time to reconcile theory with pattern.

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Time and Space and the Variation of Species

Cited by 596 publications

References 12 publications

Evidence for a General Species–time–area Relationship

Evidence for a General Species–time–area Relationship

Habitat perturbation and survival strategies of the Andean catfish Astroblepus mariae (Fowler, 1919)

Can unified theories of biodiversity explain mammalian macroecological patterns?

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