Time- and Concentration-Dependent Effects of Dissolution Products of 58S Sol–Gel Bioactive Glass on Proliferation and Differentiation of Murine and Human Osteoblasts

Bioactive glass and glass-ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

“…It has been hypothesized, but to the authors' knowledge not proven as yet, that the high silicon concentration from bioactive glass could be a major factor in stimulating osteoblasts to grow fast, which might be effective for melt-derived bioactive glasses [7,36,196]. However, Bielby et al [192] found no significant differences in the proliferation of human primary osteoblasts grown in conditioned cell culture media containing similar Ca, P, and Na ions but different Si ion concentrations (164 and 203 ppm) released from 58S sol-gel derived glass. Clearly, more fundamental investigations and further studies are required to gain quantitative knowledge and to confirm the conditions and the mechanisms leading to glass degradation and ion dissolution products affecting gene expression in bone cells.…”

“…Key mechanisms leading to enhanced new bone growth are now known to be related to the controlled release of ionic dissolution products from the degrading bioactive glass, especially critical concentrations of biologically active, soluble silica and calcium ions [8,191]. Recent studies have shown that bioactive (partially) resorbable glasses and their ionic dissolution products enhance osteogenesis by regulating osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression [7,41,51,[191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198].…”

Skeletal tissue engineering using embryonic stem cells

“…Inorganic stimuli derived from bioactive glass could induce the growth and differentiation of primary osteoblasts [138]. The soluble ions released from bioactive glass were as effective as Dex at inducing the formation of mineralized nodules, and the addition of bioactive glass extract to Dex-treated cultures resulted in an increased amount of bone nodules [139].…”

“…For example, not all groups used Dex, and when added to the osteogenic medium, the concentration varied from 10 -4 [138] to 10 -8 M [132,149,151], which might have a major influence on osteogenic differentiation. The ESC-specific step of EB formation was different on many points.…”

Gene Therapy Progress and Prospects: In tissue engineering

“…In our own laboratories, a robust system has been developed for osteoblast and pneumocyte ( Figure 3) differentiation from murine and human ES cells using a defined culture medium. [16][17][18] Recent technological advances, such as RNA interference to knock down gene expression in ES cells, are also producing enriched populations and elucidating gene function in early development. [19][20][21] The success of stem cell transplantation depends on the ability of cells to interact with stromal cells and repopulate the corresponding niches, a property of stem cells known as homing.…”