Time- &amp; Load-Dependence of Triboelectric Effect

Pan, Shuaihang; Yin, Nian; Zhang, Zhinan

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-20937-6

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Through the above relations, when a (nano-)material is analyzed for the triboelectric effect, we can more confidently expect exponentially coherent relations among the load stress, material transfer (mainly the wear rate), and tribo-charging value [34,38].…”

Section: (Nano-) Materialsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…More theoretically, the energy barrier analyses and wear rate correlation from Eqs. (11) and (12) all demonstrate the possibility that the triboelectric effect is highly load-dependent [34]. Though the exact depiction for the triboelectric effect from load stress behavior is incomplete, many applications have already utilized this important factor to compromise or take advantage of the triboelectric process.…”

Section: Load Stressmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Nowadays, work functions can be measured with photoemission spectroscopy and the Kevin-Zisman method [32,33]. Because fermi level will be introduced for the work function calculation, metals will be considered as important surface materials if the electron transfer dominates [31,34]. Note that an (equivalent) work function can be meaningful for insulators including polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polycarbonate when they serve as a tribosurface [31,35] (though some studies have considered the electron transfer as trivial for the charging process, due to the mismatch of the correlation between the insulator ionization potentials and the charging behavior [36]).…”

Section: Electronmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Load stress is fundamental in a way that it links the mechanical and electrical behaviors. Indeed, understanding the mechanical responses can be a strong basis and useful tool for further discussion of the triboelectric performance, as friction and contact are the sources for the charging process [34]. Humidity and acidity are of immense importance, and will not be discussed independently.…”

Section: Important Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fundamental theories and basic principles of triboelectric effect: A review

2018

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Long-term observation of the triboelectric effect has not only proved the feasibility of many novel and useful tribo-devices (e.g., triboelectric nanogenerators), but also constantly motivated the exploration of its mysterious nature. In the pursuit of a comprehensive understanding of how the triboelectric process works, a more accurate description of the triboelectric effect and its related parameters and factors is urgently required. This review critically goes through the fundamental theories and basic principles governing the triboelectric process. By investigating the difference between each charging media, the electron, ion, and material transfer is discussed and the theoretical deduction in the past decades is provided. With the information from the triboelectric series, interesting phenomena including cyclic triboelectric sequence and asymmetric triboelectrification are precisely analyzed. Then, the interaction between the tribo-system and its operational environment is analyzed, and a fundamental description of its effects on the triboelectric process and results is summarized. In brief, this review is expected to provide a strong understanding of the triboelectric effect in a more rigorous mathematical and physical sense.

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Section: (Nano-) Materialsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Load Stressmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Electronmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Important Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fundamental theories and basic principles of triboelectric effect: A review

2018

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“…Meanwhile, diamond, which is an atomic crystal, is fully bonded with certain orientations by covalent electrons. Given the relationship, the possibility for a diamond atom to transfer will be much lower than an aluminum ion/atom [20,24,43,44], that is x , and the number of atoms/ions in the activation volume (V) N at the detached surface. As a result, free electrons promote residual stress along the lattice deformation by eliminating the bonding direction trends.…”

Section: Difference Of Atom Redistribution/transfer Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale analysis of friction behavior at fretting interfaces

et al. 2020

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Friction behavior at fretting interfaces is of fundamental interest in tribology and is important in material applications. However, friction has contact intervals, which can accurately determine the friction characteristics of a material; however, this has not been thoroughly investigated. Moreover, the fretting process with regard to different interfacial configurations have also not been systematically evaluated. To bridge these research gaps, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on Al-Al, diamond-diamond, and diamond-silicon fretting interfaces were performed while considering bidirectional forces. This paper also proposes new energy theories, bonding principles, nanoscale friction laws, and wear rate analyses. With these models, semi-quantitative analyses of coefficient of friction (CoF) were made and simulation outcomes were examined. The results show that the differences in the hardness, stiffness modulus, and the material configuration have a considerable influence on the fretting process. This can potentially lead to the force generated during friction contact intervals along with changes in the CoF. The effect of surface separation can be of great significance in predicting the fretting process, selecting the material, and for optimization.

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Tribocharging and the Triboelectric Series

Gooding

Kaufman

2019

Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry

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Tribocharging is a process in which materials contact one another, rub, and then separate, each with a resulting charge distribution that is generally uniform on a macroscopic level but may involve mosaics of both positive and negative charges on each material on the microscopic level. This process is familiar and applied extensively in processes such as electrophotography, energy harvesting, and self‐powered sensors, but it is not completely understood. The triboelectric series is a qualitative or semiquantitative ordering of materials according to their tendency to develop a positive or negative net charge when tribocharged against other materials. It is remarkable that, despite differences in surface preparation, modes of contact among materials, and laboratory conditions, triboelectric series generated by different groups remain largely consistent with each other. This article examines a variety of triboelectric series, discrepancies among them, and the possible competing mechanisms behind tribocharging and contact electrification in general. These mechanisms appear to include electron transfer, ion transfer, H + and OH − partitioning, bond dissociation, mechanoradical formation, chemical changes, and material transfer. Combinations of these mechanisms may occur simultaneously but at different rates, which may help to explain some of the inconsistencies among different triboelectric series.

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Time- & Load-Dependence of Triboelectric Effect

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

Fundamental theories and basic principles of triboelectric effect: A review

Fundamental theories and basic principles of triboelectric effect: A review

Multiscale analysis of friction behavior at fretting interfaces

Tribocharging and the Triboelectric Series

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