Time allocation of the parasitoidAphidius colemani (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) foraging forAphis gossypii (Homoptera: Aphidae) on cucumber leaves

Steenis, M.J. van; El-Khawass, K.A.M.H.; Hemerik, Lia; Lenteren, J.C. van

doi:10.1007/bf02213871

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A similar effect of host density on patch time allocation has been also found for other parasitoids searching for patently distributed hosts (e.g., Waage, 1979;van Steenis et al, 1996;Keller and Tenhumberg, 2000). The decreased leaving tendency in patches of abundant and clustered hosts could be a result of density-dependent presence of kairomone per unit area (Haccou et al, 1991;Hemerik et al, 1993;Nelson and Roitberg, 1995;Driessen and Bernstein, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Patch time allocation in parasitoids has received considerable attention, and many have used Cox's proportional hazards model (Cox, 1972) to analyze patch-leaving behavior in parasitoids (Hemerik et al, 1993;van Roermund et al, 1994;van Steenis et al, 1996;Vos et al, 1998;Driessen and Bernstein, 1999;Wajnberg et al, 1999Wajnberg et al, , 2003Tenhumberg et al, 2001;Wang andKeller, 2003, 2004). This statistical method provides a test of the relative importance of factors that may influence a parasitoid's patchleaving tendency under various conditions (Haccou et al, 1991), which usually have been considered separately in optimality models (Waage, 1979;Driessen et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patch Time Allocation by the Parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). III. Effects of Kairomone Sources and Previous Parasitism

Wang

Keller

2004

Journal of Insect Behavior

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patch Time Allocation by the Parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). III. Effects of Kairomone Sources and Previous Parasitism

Wang

Keller

2004

Journal of Insect Behavior

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“…(1994) showed that the presence of honeydew and ovipositions decreased the leaving tendency of the parasitoid Encarsia formosa . van Steenis et al . (1996) showed that the leaving tendency of Aphidius colemani only decreased at patches containing a high density of 100 hosts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patch exploitation by the parasitoids Cotesia rubecula and Cotesia glomerata in multi‐patch environments with different host distributions

Vos

Hemerik²,

Vet

1998

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Summary 0[ We analysed the foraging behaviour of two closely related parasitoid species "Cote! sia rubecula and Cotesia glomerata# with respect to leaving tendencies from patches in di}erent environments[ We investigated how intrapatch experiences like contact with feeding damage and encounters with hosts in~uence patch leaving decisions[ We also estimated the e}ect of experiences in previously visited patches on leaving decisions in the present patch[ 1[ For this analysis we applied the proportional hazards model "Cox 0861# to data collected in three versions of a multiple patch set!up[ These set!ups consisted of di}erent host species or combinations of host species] "0# Pieris rapae\ "1# Pieris brassicae and "2# both P[ rapae and P[ brassicae[ The larvae of these hosts di}er in their spatial distribution on plants] P[ brassicae occur in clusters and the distribution of larvae is heterogeneous^P[ rapae larvae feed solitarily[ 2[ The specialist parasitoid C[ rubecula used a simple strategy] highest leaving tendency on empty leaves\ lower leaving tendency on leaves infested with the non!preferred host P[ brassicae\ lowest leaving tendency on leaves infested with the preferred host\ P[ rapae[ In the environment with both host species\ the leaving tendency only decreased on leaves infested with P[ rapae[ 3[ The generalist C[ glomerata used a more complex set of rules[ "a# Multiple ovi! positions on the present patch decreased the leaving tendency on leaves containing the gregarious host[ "b# Once the parasitoid had encountered two or more hosts\ it had a lower leaving tendency during subsequent patch visits[ "c# The leaving tendency increased with the number of visits on infested leaves[ In environments where the less preferred host P[ rapae was present\ C[ glomerata switched to the same simple type of rule as used by C[ rubecula[ 4[ Neither of the two Cotesia species used a count!down rule\ in which ovipositions increase the leaving tendency[ We discuss how patch exploitation by both Cotesia species compares to the patch exploitation mechanisms as proposed by Waage "0868# and Driessen et al[ "0884#[ 5[ We formulate an {adjustable termination rate| model for patch exploitation in both Cotesia species in multi!patch environments[ Key!words] foraging behaviour\ host distribution\ parasitoids\ phenotypic plasticity\ time allocation[ Journal of Animal Ecology "0887# 56\ 663Ð672

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“…No effect of rejections of already parasitized hosts on the search time was found by van Alphen and Galis (1983) for Asobara tabida; Haccou et al (1991) detected no effect of rejection rates on the leaving tendency of Leptopilina heterotoma, whereas Varaldi et al (2005) observed an increase in the leaving tendency after rejections for the same species. van Steenis et al (1996) found no influence of rejections on the leaving tendency of Aphidius colemani, and Varaldi et al (2005) detected no effect of host encounters on the leaving tendency of Leptopilina boulardi.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The theoretical value of encounters with parasitized hosts for parasitoids

Kolß

Hoffmeister

Hemerik

2006

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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A female parasitoid searching for hosts in a patch experiences a diminishing encounter rate with unparasitized and thus suitable hosts. To use the available time most efficiently, it constantly has to decide whether to stay in the patch and continue to search for hosts or to search for and travel to another patch in the habitat. Several informational cues can be used to optimize the searching success. Theoretically, encounters with unparasitized hosts should lead to a prolonged search in a given patch if hosts are distributed contagiously. The results of empirical studies strongly support this hypothesis. However, it has, to date, not been investigated theoretically whether encounters with already parasitized hosts (which usually entail time costs) provide a parasitoid with valuable information for the optimization of its search in depletable patches, although the empirical studies concerning this question so far have produced ambiguous results. Building on recent advances in Bayesian foraging strategies, we approached this problem by modeling a priori searching strategies (which differ in the amount of information considered) and then testing them in computer simulations. By comparing the strategies, we were able to determine whether and how encounters with already parasitized hosts can yield information that can be used to enhance a parasitoid's searching success.

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Time allocation of the parasitoidAphidius colemani (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) foraging forAphis gossypii (Homoptera: Aphidae) on cucumber leaves

Cited by 29 publications

References 18 publications

Patch Time Allocation by the Parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). III. Effects of Kairomone Sources and Previous Parasitism

Patch Time Allocation by the Parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). III. Effects of Kairomone Sources and Previous Parasitism

Patch exploitation by the parasitoids Cotesia rubecula and Cotesia glomerata in multi‐patch environments with different host distributions

The theoretical value of encounters with parasitized hosts for parasitoids

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