Tilt aftereffects and tilt illusions induced by fast translational motion: Evidence for motion streaks

Apthorp, Deborah; Alais, David

doi:10.1167/9.1.27

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…Consistent with this, neurons in macaque V1 respond increasingly strongly to orientations parallel to their preferred direction of motion with increasing speed [3], which tallies with other reports of speed-related variations in directional selectivity in these neurons [4–6]. In humans, parallel-oriented noise impairs direction discrimination [7], and ‘streaky’ motion causes effects very similar to those found in the classical orientation literature [8–10]. However, there is hitherto little physiological evidence of any involvement or indeed the presence of streaks in human motion direction perception.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Direct evidence for encoding of motion streaks in human visual cortex

et al. 2013

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Temporal integration in the visual system causes fast-moving objects to generate static, oriented traces (‘motion streaks’), which could be used to help judge direction of motion. While human psychophysics and single-unit studies in non-human primates are consistent with this hypothesis, direct neural evidence from the human cortex is still lacking. First, we provide psychophysical evidence that faster and slower motions are processed by distinct neural mechanisms: faster motion raised human perceptual thresholds for static orientations parallel to the direction of motion, whereas slower motion raised thresholds for orthogonal orientations. We then used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain activity while human observers viewed either fast (‘streaky’) or slow random dot stimuli moving in different directions, or corresponding static-oriented stimuli. We found that local spatial patterns of brain activity in early retinotopic visual cortex reliably distinguished between static orientations. Critically, a multivariate pattern classifier trained on brain activity evoked by these static stimuli could then successfully distinguish the direction of fast (‘streaky’) but not slow motion. Thus, signals encoding static-oriented streak information are present in human early visual cortex when viewing fast motion. These experiments show that motion streaks are present in the human visual system for faster motion.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Direct evidence for encoding of motion streaks in human visual cortex

et al. 2013

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“…The key difference between previous studies on motion streaks and ours is the speed of the stimuli used. Whereas previous studies presented stimulus speeds of 1 to 24 dva/s (e.g., Apthorp & Alais, 2009;Edwards & Crane, 2007;Geisler, 1999), our stimuli induced retinal speeds (i.e., the vector sum of stimulus and eye movement speed) in the range of 300 to 1000 dva/s in both saccade and replay session.…”

Section: Visual Processing Of Intra-saccadic Motion Smearmentioning

confidence: 79%

Intra-saccadic motion streaks as cues to linking object locations across saccades

Schweitzer

Rolfs

2020

Journal of Vision

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When visual objects shift rapidly across the retina, they produce motion blur. Intra-saccadic visual signals, caused incessantly by our own saccades, are thought to be eliminated at early stages of visual processing. Here we investigate whether they are still available to the visual system and could-in principle-be used as cues for localizing objects as they change locations on the retina. Using a high-speed projection system, we developed a trans-saccadic identification task in which brief but continuous intra-saccadic object motion was key to successful performance. Observers made a saccade to a target stimulus that moved rapidly either up or down, strictly during the eye movement. Just as the target reached its final position, an identical distractor stimulus appeared on the opposite side, resulting in a display of two identical stimuli upon saccade landing. Observers had to identify the original target using the only available clue: the target's intra-saccadic movement. In an additional replay condition, we presented the observers' own intra-saccadic retinal stimulus trajectories during fixation. Compared to the replay condition, task performance was impaired during saccades but recovered fully when a post-saccadic blank was introduced. Reverse regression analyses and confirmatory experiments showed that performance increased markedly when targets had long movement durations, low spatial frequencies, and orientations parallel to their retinal trajectory-features that promote intra-saccadic motion streaks. Although the potential functional role of intra-saccadic visual signals is still unclear, our results suggest that they could provide cues to tracking objects that rapidly change locations across saccades.

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“…On the other hand, the effect of GP motion on apparent dipole orientation is likely to be mediated by interactions between orientation-tuned cells responding to the orientations of the dipole and the streak generated by dipole motion (Geisler, 1999;Apthorp & Alais, 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction between orientation and motion signals in moving oriented Glass patterns

et al. 2017

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Previous psychophysical evidence suggests that motion and orientation processing systems interact asymmetrically in the human visual system, with orientation information having a stronger influence on the perceived motion direction than vice-versa. To investigate the mechanisms underlying this motion-form interaction we used moving and oriented Glass patterns (GPs), which consist of randomly distributed dot pairs (dipoles) that induce the percept of an oriented texture. In Experiment 1 we varied the angle between dipole orientation and motion direction (conflict angle). In separate sessions participants either judged the orientation or motion direction of the GP. In addition, the spatiotemporal characteristics of dipole motion were manipulated as a way to limit (Experiment 1) or favour (Experiment 2) the availability of orientation signals from motion (motion streaks). The results of Experiment 1 showed that apparent GP motion direction is attracted towards dipole orientation, and apparent GP orientation is repulsed from GP motion. The results of Experiment 2 showed stronger repulsion effects when judging the GP orientation, but stronger motion streaks from the GP motion can dominate over the signals provided by conflicting dipole orientation. These results are consistent with the proposal that two separate mechanisms contribute to our perception of stimuli which contain conflicting orientation and motion information: (i) perceived GP motion is mediated by spatial motion-direction sensors, in which signals from motion sensors are combined with excitatory input from orientationtuned sensors tuned to orientations parallel to the axis of GP motion, (ii) perceived GP orientation is mediated by orientation-tuned sensors which mutually inhibit each other. The two mechanisms are revealed by the different effects of conflict angle and dipole lifetime on perceived orientation and motion direction.

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Tilt aftereffects and tilt illusions induced by fast translational motion: Evidence for motion streaks

Cited by 36 publications

References 66 publications

Direct evidence for encoding of motion streaks in human visual cortex

Direct evidence for encoding of motion streaks in human visual cortex

Intra-saccadic motion streaks as cues to linking object locations across saccades

The interaction between orientation and motion signals in moving oriented Glass patterns

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