Tilt Aftereffect and Adaptation-Induced Changes in Orientation Tuning in Visual Cortex

Jin, Dezhe Z.; Dragoi, Valentin; Sur, Mriganka; Seung, H. Sebastian

doi:10.1152/jn.00571.2004

Cited by 120 publications

(127 citation statements)

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“…The effects of adaptation on neuronal responses are of interest, in part, because their strong perceptual consequences offer a powerful tool for understanding the physiological basis of perception (Jin et al 2005;Kohn andMovshon 2003, 2004;Krekelberg et al 2006b). In addition, adaptation is frequently used in imaging studies to probe the selectivity of cortical areas, making an understanding of its effects on neurons critical for relating these measurements to the underlying neurophysiology (Grill-Spector and Malach 2001;Krekelberg et al 2006a).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of surround suppression on adaptation effects in primary visual cortex

Wissig

Kohn

2012

Journal of Neurophysiology

106

145

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Wissig SC, Kohn A. The influence of surround suppression on adaptation effects in primary visual cortex. J Neurophysiol 107: 3370-3384, 2012. First published March 14, 2012 doi:10.1152/jn.00739.2011.-Adaptation, the prolonged presentation of stimuli, has been used to probe mechanisms of visual processing in physiological, imaging, and perceptual studies. Previous neurophysiological studies have measured adaptation effects by using stimuli tailored to evoke robust responses in individual neurons. This approach provides an incomplete view of how an adapter alters the representation of sensory stimuli by a population of neurons with diverse functional properties. We implanted microelectrode arrays in primary visual cortex (V1) of macaque monkeys and measured orientation tuning and contrast sensitivity in populations of neurons before and after prolonged adaptation. Whereas previous studies in V1 have reported that adaptation causes stimulus-specific suppression of responsivity and repulsive shifts in tuning preference, we have found that adaptation can also lead to response facilitation and shifts in tuning toward the adapter. To explain this range of effects, we have proposed and tested a simple model that employs stimulus-specific suppression in both the receptive field and the spatial surround. The predicted effects on tuning depend on the relative drive provided by the adapter to these two receptive field components. Our data reveal that adaptation can have a much richer repertoire of effects on neuronal responsivity and tuning than previously considered and suggest an intimate mechanistic relationship between spatial and temporal contextual effects. orientation tuning; contrast sensitivity; spatial context; neurophysiology

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confidence: 99%

The influence of surround suppression on adaptation effects in primary visual cortex

Wissig

Kohn

2012

Journal of Neurophysiology

106

145

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“…In neurophysiology, the TI is believed to be based on the known center-surround properties of neurons in early cortical areas and perhaps higher-level involvement [5] , while for the TAE, it is usually supposed that adaptation leads to the suppression of neuronal responses near the adapting orientation [6,7] . However, the recent study by Wissig and Kohn showed that adaptation not only causes stimulusspecifi c suppression of responsivity and repulsive shifts in tuning preference, but also leads to response facilitation and shifts in tuning toward the adapter [8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contextual influence on the tilt after-effect in foveal and para-foveal vision

et al. 2015

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A sensory stimulus can only be properly interpreted in light of the stimuli that surround it in space and time. The tilt illusion (TI) and tilt after-effect (TAE) provide good evidence that the perception of a target depends strongly on both its spatial and temporal context. In previous studies, the TI and TAE have typically been investigated separately, so little is known about their co-effects on visual perception and information processing mechanisms. Here, we considered the influence of the spatial context and the temporal effect together and asked how centersurround context affects the TAE in foveal and parafoveal vision. Our results showed that different center-surround spatial patterns signifi cantly affected the TAE for both foveal and para-foveal vision. In the fovea, the TAE was mainly produced by central adaptive gratings. Cross-oriented surroundings significantly inhibited the TAE, and iso-oriented surroundings slightly facilitated it; surround inhibition was much stronger than surround facilitation. In the para-fovea, the TAE was mainly decided by the surrounding patches. Likewise, a cross-oriented central patch inhibited the TAE, and an iso-oriented one facilitated it, but there was no significant difference between inhibition and facilitation. Our findings demonstrated, at the perceptual level, that our visual system adopts different mechanisms to process consistent or inconsistent central-surround orientation information and that the unequal magnitude of surround inhibition and facilitation is vitally important for the visual system to improve the detectability or discriminability of novel or incongruent stimuli.

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“…If the adaptor is presented to only one eye, and the test only to the other, the inter-ocular tilt aftereffect is as large (Campbell & Maffei, 1971) or almost as large (Gibson, 1937;Movshon, Chambers, & Blakemore, 1972;Paradiso et al, 1989) as that measured when both stimuli are presented to the same eye. This combination of observations suggests that tilt aftereffects are mediated by a neural substrate containing orientation and spatial-frequency selective neurons, sensitive to input from both eyes, with spatially restricted receptive fields, most likely in primary visual cortical area V1 (Campbell & Maffei, 1971;Dragoi, Sharma, & Sur, 2000;Hubel & Wiesel, 1962;Jin, Dragoi, Sur, & Seung, 2005).…”

Section: Adaptation To Orientationmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…For example, when adapting and test shapes overlap, any observed effect could be strongly impacted by contour repulsion or tilt aftereffects, likely produced in primary visual cortex rather than later shape-specific stages of processing (Dragoi et al, 2000;Jin et al, 2005). To overcome this we used an adapting stimulus that was intermittently re-positioned about the physical test location, such that the external contours of the adaptor traced a symmetrical outline about the test location (see Figure 3c).…”

Section: C)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aftereffect (b, inset) is calculated as the post-adaptation decoded stimulus minus the pre-adaptation decoded stimulus. The aftereffect manifests as a local repulsion of test stimuli away from the adapted value, with no change in the appearance of the adapted value.The tilt aftereffect is thought to be due to adaptation in neurons selective for relatively narrow ranges of stimulus orientations (Barlow & Hill, 1963;Bednar & Miikkulainen, 2000;Clifford et al, 2001;Coltheart, 1971;Day, 1962a), likely predominantly in V1 (Campbell & Maffei, 1971;Dragoi et al, 2000;Jin et al, 2005). Tilt aftereffects can be predicted by models in which perceived orientation is determined by activity distributed across a population of orientation-selective channels, wherein each channel is suppressed after adaptation in pro- and 6 and Appendix 1.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Norms are Not the Norm: Testing Theories of Sensory Encoding Using Visual Aftereffects

Storrs¹

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A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Queensland in 2015School of Psychology A B S T R A C TThe goal of visual neuroscience is to explain how patterns of neural activity give rise to visual experiences. Here I use visual aftereffects to explore the computational principles underlying the perception of simple, intermediate, and complex forms (orientations, shapes, and faces). Aftereffects occur when exposure to one stimulus changes the appearance of a subsequent stimulus. In the tilt aftereffect, for example, staring at a left-tilted line can make a vertical line seem briefly to lean to the right. Aftereffects are thought to be caused by neural adaptation -changes in the responsiveness of neurons after prolonged stimulation.Visual aftereffects allow us to probe sensory encoding, because adaptation within different encoding schemes can predict different patterns of perceptual aftereffect. I focus on two theories of encoding prominent in the face recognition literature. According to norm-based accounts, faces are represented in terms of how they deviate from a unique norm, such as the average of all experienced faces. Similar proposals have been raised in other contexts, for example to encode the aspect ratio of shapes. Norm-based encoding can be implemented by a population in which neurons respond increasingly as a stimulus moves further in the neuron's preferred direction, away from a normative value in stimulus space. Alternatively, exemplar-based accounts propose that faces are encoded in terms of their similarity to a number of previously-experienced exemplars. Exemplar-based encoding can be implemented by a population of non-monotonically tuned neurons that prefer particular points in stimulus space, rather than directions.Norm-based and exemplar-based accounts make distinct predictions for the pattern of aftereffects one should experience following adaptation. Norm-based encoding is associated with renormalisation, in which the adapting stimulus appears more 'neutral' or 'average' after prolonged viewing, and the appearances of other stimuli are altered in the same fashion (e.g. after adapting to a male face, all faces should look more feminine).Exemplar-based encoding is associated with 'local repulsion,' in which the adapting stimulus appears unchanged, but differences between it and subsequent stimuli are exaggerated (e.g. after adapting to a male face, a very masculine face should look even more masculine, while an androgynous or female face should look more feminine).Over the past fifteen years, norm-based theories of shape and face encoding have gained traction, ostensibly supported by evidence from aftereffects. In Chapter 1, I review this evidence, and relate it to an older debate concerning the role of norms in orientation perception. I conclude that the evidence for renormalisation in form perception is under-2 3 whelming. In Chapter 2 I empirically address the most recent evidence for orientation renormalisation. I show that these data likely arise from an ...

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Tilt Aftereffect and Adaptation-Induced Changes in Orientation Tuning in Visual Cortex

Cited by 120 publications

References 37 publications

The influence of surround suppression on adaptation effects in primary visual cortex

The influence of surround suppression on adaptation effects in primary visual cortex

Contextual influence on the tilt after-effect in foveal and para-foveal vision

Norms are Not the Norm: Testing Theories of Sensory Encoding Using Visual Aftereffects

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