Tilmicosin and tylosin have anti-inflammatory properties via modulation of COX-2 and iNOS gene expression and production of cytokines in LPS-induced macrophages and monocytes

The effect of selected macrolides on the properties of bovine leukocytes

“…Similar results were reported by other researchers (CAO et al, 2006), who obtained a reduction in the production and release of NO ions by murine leukocytes following incubation with tilmicosin or tylosin. Another study (IANARO et al, 2000) also demonstrated a reduction in the synthesis of nitrogen oxides by murine macrophages incubated with roxithromycin.…”

Tulathromycin Exerts Proresolving Effects in Bovine Neutrophils by Inhibiting Phospholipases and Altering Leukotriene B4, Prostaglandin E2, and Lipoxin A4Production

“…Using the experimental protocol described here, zymosan was found to significantly increase PGE 2 production 24 h postchallenge, consistent with previous studies using other models in vivo (43)(44)(45) or in vitro (46), an effect that was blocked by tulathromycin. Another immunomodulating antibiotic for cattle and pigs, tilmicosin, also blocks PGE 2 production in LPS-stimulated bovine alveolar macrophages via a decrease in COX-2 expression and/or partial inhibition of secretory phospholipase A 2 activity (47,48). Given that the restoration in LTB 4 levels in tulathromycin-treated neutrophils exposed to exogenous arachidonic acid was only partial, other inhibitory mechanisms may be involved.…”

Inhibitory effects of ivermectin on nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages

“…RAW 264.7 cells were plated onto 6-well plates (4× 10 5 cells/ml), pretreated with 0.5, 2 or 4 μg/ml of ivermectin for 1 h, and then stimulated with 1 μg/ml of LPS for 18 h [24]. After two washes with ice-cold PBS, the cells were harvested and total cellular RNA was isolated using Trizol Reagent (Invitrogen) according to the manufacture's instructions.…”