Tillering and Leaf Production in Wheat as Affected by Temperature and Light Intensity

Friend, D. J. C.

doi:10.1139/b65-123

Cited by 94 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Thus, the diploid species are continually generating large numbers of new sinks at the time of ear emergence, when the flag leaf photosynthesis rate was measured, whereas the tetraploids and hexaploids are not. Moreover, tillering in grasses, including cereals such as wheat (Khalil 1961;Friend 1965), is enhanced by high light intensity. Thus continued tillering especially at high light intensities, could stimulate photosynthesis in the mature leaves of the diploids grown under favourable light conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic Characteristics of Modern and Primitive Wheat Species in Relation to Ontogeny and Adaptation to Light

Dunstone¹,

Gifford²,

Evans³

1973

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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Some characteristics of photosynthesis in seven species of Triticum and two of Aegilops were examined. Differences between species in the rate of net photosynthesis per unit area were more pronounced in later formed leaves than in earlier ones, flag leaves showing the greatest range of photosynthesis rates. The range in flag leaf net photosynthetic rates was greatest for plants grown under high light intensity. Net photosynthetic rates of flag leaves of diploid species of Triticum, measured under high light intensity, increased progressively with increase in light intensity during growth, whereas the rates for the Aegilops species and the tetrapbid and hexaploid lines of Triticum reached their maxima at intermediate light intensity during growth.Under one set of environmental conditions during growth, a diffusion resistance study of flag leaf photosynthesis revealed that both the gas phase resistance and "residual" ("mesophyll" or "intracellular") resistance contribute to the observed differences in photosynthetic rate. When the average values of resiJual resistance for each genotype were plotted against the corresponding gas phase resistance a positive correlation, to which all but three of the lines adhered, was found, an increase of 0·5 s cm-1 in gas phase resistance being associated with an increase of I . 0 s cm-1 in residual resistance.When adaptaticJn to cifferent light intensities occurred over a prolonged period, the stomatal density on the flag leaf of two diploid lines and of a hexapbid (T. spelta) line adapted upwards to high light but did not do so for T. aestivum. However, the adaptation was small and of minor significance to the overall photosynthetic adaptation. Variation in stomatal density was not a major determinant of variation in stomatal resistance.Specific leaf weight bore no consistent relation with either photosynthetic rate or residual resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic Characteristics of Modern and Primitive Wheat Species in Relation to Ontogeny and Adaptation to Light

Dunstone¹,

Gifford²,

Evans³

1973

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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“…A 0°C base temperature is used in accumulating GDD (Gallagher, 1979;Gallagher et al, 1979;McMaster and Smika, 1988). SHOOTGRO and SPIKEGRO simulate the observed tendency for wheat to have a constant phyllochron during the growing season (Friend, 1965b;Malse-Meynard and Sebillote, 1981;Kirby et al, 1982Kirby et al, , 1989Rawson et al, 1983;Malvoisin, 1984;Baker et al, 1986;Belford et al, 1987;Delecolle et al, 1989). The phyllochron is related to daily change of day length at emergence (Baker et al, 1980;Kirby et al, 1982Kirby et al, , 1989Delecolle et al, 1985;Kirby and Perry, 1987) by the algorithm (corrected) reported by Baker et al (1980) …”

Section: Model Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating winter wheat spike development and growth

McMaster

Morgan

Wilhelm

1992

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

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McMaster, G.S., Morgan, J.A. and Wilhelm, W.W., 1992. Simulating winter wheat spike development and growth. Agric. For. Meteorol.,.Mechanistic crop simulation models can aid in integrating and directing research, and in improving farm management strategies. Information derived from recent research on spike development and growth of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was incorporated into a submodel, SPIKEGRO, and added to an existing model called SHOOTGRO. This manuscript discusses the SPIKEGRO submodel.SPIKEGRO emphasizes the reproductive functioning of the shoot apex. The complete developmental sequence of the shoot apex is outlined and quantified. All developmental events and growth stages are predicted, most using the phyllochron approach. Spikelet and floret primordium initiation, growth, and abortion; ovule fertilization and growth; and rachis and chaff growth are simulated on morphologicallyidentified culms. The phyllochron interval, rather than growing degree-days, is used throughout the model to increase flexibility in predicting yearly and within-stand variation in development. Up to six cohorts of plants are simulated simultaneously from time of emergence, using a daily time step. Initial inputs consist of general agronomic information such as planting date, density, and depth, site latitude, cultivar heightclass, soil water and N concentration, and soil characteristics (e.g. bulk density, organic carbon, parameters for a water-release curve). Cultivar differences, if known, can be incorporated by changing the input parameter file.Validation results and sensitivity analysis suggested six modifications that should improve model realism and predictions. Most of the modifications are easy corrections of simplified algorithms.SPIKEGRO integrates aboveground development and growth of individual plant components into one simulation. The model is useful in estimating development and growth throughout the growing season, and in predicting all stages of shoot apex development critical in scheduling cultural practices.

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“…In grasses, development of sequentially growing leaves and tiller buds are highly coordinated, where the time interval of successive leaf emergence, referred to as the "phyllochron", sets the pace of the whole shoot system development (Mitchell, 1953;Friend, 1965;Klepper et al, 1982;Hay and Kirby, 1991). In rice, this issue was pioneered by T.Katayama who studied rice shoot development since the 1920s.…”

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confidence: 99%