Tiller biomass in low plant-density corn enhances transient C sink without direct harvest index detriment

Veenstra, Rachel L.; Messina, Carlos D.; Berning, Dan; Haag, Lucas A.; Carter, Paul; Hefley, Trevor J.; Prasad, P. V. Vara; Ciampitti, Ignacio A.

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108804

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…From a diverse dataset of field experiments, this study presents novel conclusions on the predictability of tiller densities in selected modern corn genotypes. While recently published literature has explored the general yield and reproductive outcomes of corn tiller presence in modern farm management systems (Rotili et al, 2021a;Veenstra et al, 2021;Massigoge et al, 2022;Rotili et al, 2022;Veenstra et al, 2023a;Veenstra et al, 2023b), no substantial effort has been made to explore appearance and survival factors for corn tiller densities. In an effort to fill this knowledge gap, G, E, and M variables were evaluated in replicated, multi-season, state-wide field trials in Kansas, U.S.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Corn yields were not reduced, but did respond to varying levels of tiller density (i.e., tillers ha -1 ) in previous work from the available database (Veenstra et al, 2021;Veenstra et al, 2023a). In addition, water-soluble carbohydrate reserves and plant C economy dynamics were altered by tiller presence (Veenstra et al, 2023b). Therefore, accurately predicting this plasticity behavior is relevant in the evaluation of corn tillering utility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Predicting corn tiller development in restrictive environments can be achieved to enhance defensive management decision tools for producers

et al. 2023

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IntroductionWhile globally appreciated for reliable, intensification-friendly phenotypes, modern corn (Zea mays L.) genotypes retain crop plasticity potential. For example, weather and heterogeneous field conditions can overcome phenotype uniformity and facilitate tiller expression. Such plasticity may be of interest in restrictive or otherwise variable environments around the world, where corn production is steadily expanding. No substantial effort has been made in available literature to predict tiller development in field scenarios, which could provide insight on corn plasticity capabilities and drivers. Therefore, the objectives of this investigation are as follows: 1) identify environment, management, or combinations of these factors key to accurately predict tiller density dynamics in corn; and 2) test outof-season prediction accuracy for identified factors.MethodsReplicated field trials were conducted in 17 diverse site-years in Kansas (United States) during the 2019, 2020, and 2021 seasons. Two modern corn genotypes were evaluated with target plant densities of 25000, 42000, and 60000 plants ha -1. Environmental, phenological, and morphological data were recorded and evaluated with generalized additive models.ResultsPlant density interactions with cumulative growing degree days, photothermal quotient, mean minimum and maximum daily temperatures, cumulative vapor pressure deficit, soil nitrate, and soil phosphorus were identified as important predictive factors of tiller density. Many of these factors had stark non-limiting thresholds. Factors impacting growth rates and photosynthesis (specifically vapor pressure deficit and maximum temperatures) were most sensitive to changes in plant density. Out-of-season prediction errors were seasonally variable, highlighting model limitations due to training datasets.DiscussionThis study demonstrates that tillering is a predictable plasticity mechanism in corn, and therefore could be incorporated into decision tools for restrictive growing regions. While useful for diagnostics, these models are limited in forecast utility and should be coupled with appropriate decision theory and risk assessments for producers in climatically and socioeconomically vulnerable environments.

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