Tillage practices affect biomass and grain yield through regulating root growth, root-bleeding sap and nutrients uptake in summer maize

Guan, Dahai; Al‐Kaisi, Mahdi; Zhang, Yushi; Liu, Duan; Tan, Weiming; Zhang, Mingcai; Li, Zhaohu

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2013.12.015

Cited by 150 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Sampling design and measurement methods might also explain differences reported in the literature (Buczko et al 2009). In our field study, the overall root length density for the 40-cm soil profile was 1.38 cm cm −3 , which is comparable to the RLDs that are widely reported in literature for corn (Qin et al 2006;Buczko et al 2009;Guan et al 2014). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Moreover, longterm NT also results in either decreased (Kumar et al 2012;Guan et al 2014) or increased (Himmelbauer et al 2012;Islam et al 2015) crop yields. The aboveground growth and biomass yield of crops is heavily dependent on the root system (Guan et al 2014). Thus, one key to the proper use of the NT management technique is understanding its complex interactions among soil physical properties, nutrient (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Long-term NT practice results in the alteration of soil properties (Madejón et al 2007) and the stratification of nutrients along the soil profile with the addition of fertilizer (Messiga et al 2011). Moreover, longterm NT also results in either decreased (Kumar et al 2012;Guan et al 2014) or increased (Himmelbauer et al 2012;Islam et al 2015) crop yields. The aboveground growth and biomass yield of crops is heavily dependent on the root system (Guan et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Long-term NT practice can change the soil physical properties, leading to greater soil bulk density and soil resistance (Gantzer and Blake 1978;Soane et al 2012;Javeed et al 2013;Guan et al 2014). In addition, increased aggregate stability (Jiao et al 2006;Messiga et al 2011) and macro-porosity (Dal Ferro et al 2014) are observed in NT systems, with less soil perturbation and higher organic matter content from crop residues (Scopel et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The long-term effects of tillage practice and phosphorus fertilization on the distribution and morphology of corn root

Mollier

Ziadi

et al. 2016

Plant Soil

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Background and aims Relevant soil properties and nutrient distributions influencing crop root growth might be different under no-till (NT) and mouldboard plough (MP) management. The possible different root systems within different managements might have key impact on crop nutrient uptake and consequently crop production. Our objective was to assess the long-term combined effects of tillage and phosphorus (P) fertilization on corn (Zea mays L.) root distribution and morphology. Methods Corn root and soil samples were collected during the silking stage at five depths (0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm) and three horizontal distances perpendicular to the corn row (5, 15 and 25 cm) under MP and NT with three P fertilizations (0, 17.5, and 35 kg P ha −1 ) for a long-term (22 years) experiment in eastern Canada. Root morphology and soil properties were determined. Results NT practice decreased corn root biomass by −26 % compared to MP, mainly by decreasing the primary and secondary roots. Additionally, corn roots in NT tend to be more expansive on the surface layer with higher root length and surface densities for the depth of 0-5 cm at two sampling distances of 15 and 25 cm. The 35 kg P ha −1 rate increased the root biomass by 26 and 41 % compared to the 0 and 17.5 kg P ha −1 rates. Conclusions No-tillage practice and low rates of P fertilization reduce corn roots. This is probably caused by the weed competition in NT and the continued downward P status with low P rates over 22 years. Abbreviations MP Mouldboard plough NTNo-till 0P, 0.5P and 1P P fertilization rates of 0, 17.5 and 35 kg P ha −1 every two years RMD Root mass density RSD Root surface density RLD Root length density Plant Soil

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The long-term effects of tillage practice and phosphorus fertilization on the distribution and morphology of corn root

Mollier

Ziadi

et al. 2016

Plant Soil

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“…The potential of plants to obtain water and mineral nutrients from the soil is primarily attributed to their capacity to develop extensive root systems. 2 Studies on root development are important for a better understanding of the interaction between crop root systems and the growing environment to identify suitable soil management practices for sustainable crop productions. 4 The time taken by roots to colonize the deep soil profile and the root system biomass production during the whole crop development cycle are therefore good indicators to interpret crop behavior in various management modes and in a given soilclimate context.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

NIR hyperspectral imaging spectroscopy and chemometrics for the discrimination of roots and crop residues extracted from soil samples

Eylenbosch

Bodson

Baeten

et al. 2017

Journal of Chemometrics

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Roots play a major role in plant development. Their study in field conditions is important to identify suitable soil management practices for sustainable crop productions. Soil coring, which is a common method in root production measurement, is limited in sampling frequency due to the hand-sorting step. This step, needed to sort roots from other elements extracted from soil cores like crop residues, is time consuming, tedious, and vulnerable to operator ability and subjectivity. To get rid of the cumbersome hand-sorting step, avoid confusion between these elements, and reduce the time needed to quantify roots, a new procedure, based on near-infrared hyperspectral imaging spectroscopy and chemometrics, has been proposed. It was tested to discriminate roots of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from crop residues and soil particles.Two algorithms (support vector machine and partial least squares discriminant analysis) have been compared for discrimination analysis. Models constructed with both algorithms allowed the discrimination of roots from other elements, but the best results were reached with models based on support vector machine. The ways to validate models, with selected spectra or with hyperspectral images, provided different kinds of information but were complementary. This new procedure of root discrimination is a first step before root quantification in soil samples with near-infrared hyperspectral imaging. The results indicate that the methodology could be an interesting tool to improve the understanding of the effect of tillage or fertilization, for example, on root system development. conditions. The potential of plants to obtain water and mineral nutrients from the soil is primarily attributed to their capacity to develop extensive root systems.2 Studies on root development are important for a better understanding of the interaction between crop root systems and the growing environment to identify suitable soil management practices for sustainable crop productions. 4 The time taken by roots to colonize the deep soil profile and the root system biomass production during the whole crop development cycle are therefore good indicators to interpret crop behavior in various management modes and in a given soilclimate context. Nevertheless, roots are rarely directly evaluated in field experiments because soil limits accessibility for their observation. 1,5 Therefore, they need to be extracted from soil before any measurement can be made.Soil coring is a commonly used method to sample roots in field experiments and measure their production. 6 This technique is not expensive and allows repeated measurements during crop growth at several soil depths. After soil coring, cores need to be washed to extract roots from soil. Others elements, mainly crop residues buried in crop soils, are also extracted during the washing step and need to be separated from roots, commonly by hand-sorting, before any analysis or quantification of roots. 1,4,5,[7][8][9][10] This sorting step is time-consuming, tedious, an...

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High‐yield characteristics and root support of rain‐fed maize under film mulching

Liang

Yuan

et al. 2020

Agronomy Journal

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Full ridge-furrow plastic film-mulching (FM) is an important drought-resistant and high-yield agricultural method employed in the Loess Plateau. The characteristics of FM, which are closely related to high-efficiency resource utilization and root-shoot coordination of crops, may serve as references for yield increases in a broad range of farmland types. However, few studies have investigated this topic. A 2-yr field study was conducted in the rain-fed arid farmland of the Loess Plateau experimental station to investigate the canopy development and root support of FM maize (Zea mays L.). Our results showed that FM not only accelerated canopy growth in the vegetative phase and prolonged the reproductive phase but also promoted N and biomass accumulation in leaves after flowering. The leaf N concentration and biomass in FM maize increased by 6.2-24.7% and 16.9-29.3%, respectively, during R1 (silking)-R3 (milk) stage compared with the control. However, although the total root biomass decreased, and less RL (root length) and root surface area were distributed in deep soil, FM reduced the decline rate of RL and surface area during the R1-R3 period by 20.5 and 15.2% in topsoil, respectively, compared to the control. Moreover, FM significantly increased the root efficiency of leaf nitrogen (REN) absorption by 66.7-84.6% at the R1 stage and increased the water use efficiency (WUE) of grain yield by 20.3-69.4%.In conclusion, maize plants under FM had strengthened photosynthetic organs with high efficiency and long-lasting root support in a prolonged reproductive phase.Abbreviations: CK, control treatment; FM, full ridge−furrow with plastic film-mulching method; PT, planting time; R1, silking stage; R3, milk stage; R6, mature stage; REN, root efficiency for nitrogen absorption, that is, shoot nitrogen absorption per unit of root length; RL, root length; SR, shoot/root biomass ratio; SW, soil water content; V6, 6-leaf stage; WUE, water use efficiency.

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Tillage practices affect biomass and grain yield through regulating root growth, root-bleeding sap and nutrients uptake in summer maize

Cited by 150 publications

References 43 publications

The long-term effects of tillage practice and phosphorus fertilization on the distribution and morphology of corn root

The long-term effects of tillage practice and phosphorus fertilization on the distribution and morphology of corn root

NIR hyperspectral imaging spectroscopy and chemometrics for the discrimination of roots and crop residues extracted from soil samples

High‐yield characteristics and root support of rain‐fed maize under film mulching

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