Tillage intensity influences nitrogen cycling in organic kura clover living mulch

Ginakes, Peyton; Grossman, Julie; Baker, John M.; Sooksa-nguan, Thanwalee

doi:10.1007/s10705-019-10025-0

Cited by 4 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Mulching of the aboveground mass of forage legumes and the application of organic fertilizers [ 43 ] can reduce competitiveness and increase nitrogen application [ 24 , 44 ]. Nitrogen release from plant mass depends on tillage intensity and mulch mass [ 26 ], forage legume density, root morphology, and plant residue quality [ 45 ], as well as mulch C:N [ 22 ]. Due to the narrow C:N ratio, more nitrogen releases from the shoots (63.4–70.0% of the initial N) and more rapidly than from the roots (27.3–50.7%) [ 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of reduced tillage in organic farms often causes problems not only in terms of yield reduction but also in terms of weed infestation [ 24 , 25 ] and disturbed nutrient cycling [ 22 , 26 ]. Organic farming relies on a combination of different practices, and a reduction in one area (e.g., tillage) requires intensification in another (e.g., the diversification of the crop rotation) [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Content and Grain Yields of Organically Grown Cereals as Affected by a Strip Tillage and Forage Legume Intercropping

Arlauskienė

Gecaitė

Toleikienė

et al. 2021

Plants

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Reducing tillage intensity and increasing crop diversity by including perennial legumes is an agrotechnical practice that strongly affects the soil environment. Strip tillage may be beneficial in the forage legume–cereals intercropping system due to more efficient utilization of biological nitrogen. Field experiments were conducted on a clay loam Cambisol to determine the effect of forage legume–winter wheat strip tillage intercropping on soil nitrate nitrogen (N-NO3) content and cereal productivity in various sequences of rotation in organic production systems. Forage legumes (Medicago lupulina L., Trifolium repens L., T. alexandrinum L.) grown in pure and forage legume–winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) strip tillage intercrops were studied. Conventional deep inversion tillage was compared to strip tillage. Nitrogen supply to winter wheat was assessed by the change in soil nitrate nitrogen content (N-NO3) and total N accumulation in yield (grain and straw). Conventional tillage was found to significantly increase N-NO3 content while cultivating winter wheat after forage legumes in late autumn (0–30 cm layer), after growth resumption in spring (30–60 cm), and in autumn after harvesting (30–60 cm). Soil N-NO3 content did not differ significantly between winter wheat strip sown in perennial legumes or oat stubble. Winter wheat grain yields increased with increasing N-NO3 content in soil. The grain yield was not significantly different when comparing winter wheat–forage legume strip intercropping (without mulching) to strip sowing in oat stubble. In forage legume–winter wheat strip intercropping, N release from legumes was weak and did not meet wheat nitrogen requirements.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Content and Grain Yields of Organically Grown Cereals as Affected by a Strip Tillage and Forage Legume Intercropping

Arlauskienė

Gecaitė

Toleikienė

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…Such genotype × environment (GxE) and genotype × environment × management (GxExM) interactions will inform the regional focus and breeding approaches within intercropping breeding programs. Competition between partners may also change over time, depending on the phenology, stress tolerance, and persistence of component crops ( Raskin et al, 2017 ; Ginakes et al, 2020 ). Temporal dynamics play a role in both cropping system design and breeding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Breeding for Intercropping in Temperate Field Crop Systems: A Review

et al. 2022

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Monoculture cropping systems currently dominate temperate agroecosystems. However, intercropping can provide valuable benefits, including greater yield stability, increased total productivity, and resilience in the face of pest and disease outbreaks. Plant breeding efforts in temperate field crops are largely focused on monoculture production, but as intercropping becomes more widespread, there is a need for cultivars adapted to these cropping systems. Cultivar development for intercropping systems requires a systems approach, from the decision to breed for intercropping systems through the final stages of variety testing and release. Design of a breeding scheme should include information about species variation for performance in intercropping, presence of genotype × management interaction, observation of key traits conferring success in intercropping systems, and the specificity of intercropping performance. Together this information can help to identify an optimal selection scheme. Agronomic and ecological knowledge are critical in the design of selection schemes in cropping systems with greater complexity, and interaction with other researchers and key stakeholders inform breeding decisions throughout the process. This review explores the above considerations through three case studies: (1) forage mixtures, (2) perennial groundcover systems (PGC), and (3) soybean-pennycress intercropping. We provide an overview of each cropping system, identify relevant considerations for plant breeding efforts, describe previous breeding focused on the cropping system, examine the extent to which proposed theoretical approaches have been implemented in breeding programs, and identify areas for future development.

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“…Zone tillage has recently risen in popularity as an approach for reducing tillage by tilling only areas directly where crops will be sown, and leaving between-row regions untilled. This practice has gained traction due to its capacity to improve soil quality by incorporating cover crop residue where crops will be planted, while maintaining living ground cover between rows to prevent N mineralization where runoff and leaching potential is highest [2,[12][13][14]. This approach has great potential in northern climates where short spring seasons often prevent winter annual legumes from reaching maturity by the time spring and long-season vegetable crops are planted, making it difficult to reach maximum biomass N, which generally occurs at legume flowering [5,[15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending Cover Crop Benefits with Zone Till Management in Northern Organic Summer Squash Production

Ginakes

Grossman

2021

Agronomy

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Winter annual legume cover crops often fail to reach full maturity by spring vegetable planting dates in northern climates, which prevents maximum nitrogen (N) contributions. To determine if delayed termination improved cover crop biomass and N content, we evaluated winter rye + hairy vetch (Secale cereale L. + Vicia villosa Roth) and oat + field pea (Avena sativa L. + Pisum sativum L.) cover crop mixtures in 2015 and 2016, and medium red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) in 2016, in zone-tilled organic yellow crookneck squash (Cucurbita pepo var. torticollis Harz). In-row regions where cover crops were terminated in early spring during crop row preparation were compared to between-row regions where termination was delayed until legume maturation in late spring. Soil quality (soil inorganic N, permanganate oxidizable C (POXC), and potentially mineralizable N (PMN)) was also determined for in-row and between-row regions at four time points throughout the growing season. In 2015, winter rye + hairy vetch biomass N more than doubled between early and late termination times, with 120 and 258 kg N ha−1, respectively. Permanganate oxidizable C was not responsive to cover crop systems or tillage, and only slightly decreased over time in 2016. Soil inorganic N and PMN after cover crop termination in 2016 provided evidence of localized soil N cycling responses to cover crop termination in in-row and between-row regions. The extended growing period for cover crops between crop rows in the first several weeks of crop growth had no negative effect on crop yield, and appeared to enhance soil fertility.

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Tillage intensity influences nitrogen cycling in organic kura clover living mulch

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Content and Grain Yields of Organically Grown Cereals as Affected by a Strip Tillage and Forage Legume Intercropping

Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Content and Grain Yields of Organically Grown Cereals as Affected by a Strip Tillage and Forage Legume Intercropping

Plant Breeding for Intercropping in Temperate Field Crop Systems: A Review

Extending Cover Crop Benefits with Zone Till Management in Northern Organic Summer Squash Production

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