Tillage compromises weed seed predator activity across developmental stages

Blubaugh, Carmen K.; Kaplan, Ian

doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2014.11.007

Cited by 67 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Bengtsson et al [9] and Ryan et al [53] also found a greater abundance of weed seeds, insect pests and, concomitantly, more carabid beetles in organic systems compared with conventional systems. By contrast, previous studies have suggested that increased soil disturbance due to the fact that tillage in organic fields may reduce ground beetle habitat suitability [47] and bury weed seeds, thereby excluding seed-preying beetles [54], and increasing the beetle larvae and adult mortality [55]. Assessing the mechanisms driving farming systems impacts on ground beetles was beyond the scope of our study, but it could be a valuable topic for further investigation to better understand their population dynamics and functional role in the dryland agroecosystems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Impacts of Dryland Farm Management Systems on Weeds and Ground Beetles (Carabidae) in the Northern Great Plains

Adhikari

Menalled

2018

Sustainability

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Farming systems act as ecological filters impacting cropland associated biodiversity; however, the extent of these effects is largely unknown in the drylands of the Northern Great Plains (NGP), a key conventional and organic crop production region. In this 3-year (2013-2015) on-farm study, we addressed this knowledge gap by assessing the effects of conventional and organic farming systems on weed and ground beetle (carabidae) communities. We observed 25 weed species in conventional and 44 in organic fields. Weed species richness and weed species evenness were 237% and 137% greater in organic fields than in conventional fields. We collected a total of 1520 beetle specimens, representing 28 species in conventional and 37 in organic fields. Beetle activity-density and species richness were 220% and 156% greater in organic fields than in conventional fields. Both weed and ground beetle communities differed between conventional and organic fields, indicating that farming systems act as distinct ecological filters. We conclude that, in the drylands of the NGP, adoption of organic farming enhances weed abundance which could have potential management challenges, but provide floral resources to the pollinators and parasitoids. Similarly, greater diversity of ground beetles could enhance conservation biological control of crop pests, ultimately supporting for sustainable agriculture.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Impacts of Dryland Farm Management Systems on Weeds and Ground Beetles (Carabidae) in the Northern Great Plains

Adhikari

Menalled

2018

Sustainability

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“…Studies have reported increased number, diversity, or activity of seed-consuming fauna in NT fields as compared to conventionally managed fields (Brust and House, 1988;Cléments et al, 1994;Trichard et al, 2014;Blubaugh and Kaplan, 2015). Other studies have found no difference (Cardina et al, 1996;Cromar et al, 1999), but both of these studies were conducted in plots less than 0.3 ha in size which may not have been large enough to detect differences due to the mobility of predators .…”

Section: Predation Of Weed Seedsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Weed dynamics and conservation agriculture principles: A review

Nichols

Verhulst

Cox

et al. 2015

Field Crops Research

332

299

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a b s t r a c tConservation agriculture (CA) is based on minimum soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and crop rotation; it is promoted as a sustainable alternative to systems involving conventional tillage. Adoption of CA changes weed dynamics and communities and therefore necessitates adjusting weed control methods. The objectives of this review are to summarize literature concerning CA principles and their interactive effects on weed life cycles and community composition, briefly review CA-appropriate cultural practices for additional weed control, and identify areas where further research is needed. No-till systems accumulate seeds near the soil surface where they are more likely to germinate but are also exposed to greater mortality risks through weather variability and predation. Assuming no seed input into the system, germinable seedbanks under no-till decrease more rapidly than under conventional tillage. Reducing tillage may shift weed communities from annual dicots to grassy annuals and perennials. Surface residues lower average soil temperatures and may delay emergence of both crops and weeds. Germination and growth of small-seeded annuals will suffer from restricted light availability, physical growth barriers and potential allelopathic effects from surface residue. Crop rotation affects weeds via allelopathy and altered timing of both crop management and resource demands. Rotations should incorporate crops sown in varied seasons (e.g., autumn and spring), annuals and perennials, different herbicides, and/or various crop families. Literature indicates implementing no-till without crop rotation can result in severe weed problems; greater rotational crop diversity results in easier weed management. Additional cultural practices for CA include: (i) selecting highly competitive varieties; (ii) altering planting dates; (iii) preventing weed seed recruitment; (iv) adjusting planting arrangement, densities, and fertilizer placement; and (v) microbial bio-controls. Further research is needed concerning: (i) the interactive effects of tillage and surface residue on weeds; (ii) the use of models and/or meta-analyses to predict weed responses, and to identify intervention points in CA; and (iii) the weed-suppressive potential of longer (4+ years) rotations.

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“…Recommendations for enhancing weed seed predation services on‐farm are to delay tillage until late in the fall or spring (Menalled ; Ward et al . ), and this strategy maximizes the time weed seeds are exposed to soil surface seed predators (Blubaugh & Kaplan ). Structural habitat determines predators retention and feeding behavior by providing shelter and refuge from predation (Landis et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors that influence the level of weed seed predation: A review

Sarabi

2019

Weed Biology and Management

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Herbicides applied alone have failed to reduce weed populations in agricultural ecosystems. The use of this management strategy has followed other problems such as damage to ecosystems and organisms that live in it. Herbicide resistance in weeds has also occurred more quickly based on the application of herbicides. Today, most scientists are looking for new integrated weed management programs in agricultural ecosystems. Biological control is one of the most effective ways of weed management. In this way, living organisms are used to reduce and control weed species in arable lands. Weed seed predators, including predispersal and postdispersal predators as biological control agents, can be primary factors of weed seed mortality in agricultural ecosystems. This review has discussed factors influencing seed predator populations, activity, and granivory. Knowledge of the interrelations between factors and seed predators can contribute to designing future strategies that augment weed seed predator activity and enhance weed seed consumption as a component of an integrated weed management system.

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Tillage compromises weed seed predator activity across developmental stages

Cited by 67 publications

References 43 publications

Impacts of Dryland Farm Management Systems on Weeds and Ground Beetles (Carabidae) in the Northern Great Plains

Impacts of Dryland Farm Management Systems on Weeds and Ground Beetles (Carabidae) in the Northern Great Plains

Weed dynamics and conservation agriculture principles: A review

Factors that influence the level of weed seed predation: A review

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