Tillage and cropping sequence effect on physico-chemical and biological properties of soil in Eastern Himalayas, India

Das, Anup; Lyngdoh, Demandson; Ghosh, P. K.; Lal, Rattan; Layek, Jayanta; Idapuganti, Ramkrushna Gandhiji

doi:10.1016/j.still.2018.03.005

Cited by 56 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Blanco-Canqui and Ruis [49] showed that converting from MP to NT improved topsoil AS by maintaining crop residue on the soil surface, reducing soil disturbance, mitigating near surface soil temperature fluctuations and reducing the frequency and magnitude of wet-dry and freeze-thaw cycles. Similarly, Sharma et al [52] and Das et al [53] reported NT increased topsoil SOM and biological activity which improved both formation and preservation of soil aggregates [3]. The absence of severe topsoil compaction under NT can also be attributed to the cumulative effect of shanks attached to NT seeders which penetrate to a depth of approximately 10-cm and can disrupt near-surface soil compaction [54,55]; and to a rearrangement of soil particles and aggregates by several near-surface soil processes and decreased traffic-induced compaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Tillage Intensity Effects on Soil Structure Indicators—A US Meta-Analysis

2020

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Tillage intensity affects soil structure in many ways but the magnitude and type (+/−) of change depends on site-specific (e.g., soil type) and experimental details (crop rotation, study length, sampling depth, etc.). This meta-analysis examines published effects of chisel plowing (CP), no-tillage (NT) and perennial cropping systems (PER) relative to moldboard plowing (MP) on three soil structure indicators: wet aggregate stability (AS), bulk density (BD) and soil penetration resistance (PR). The data represents four depth increments (from 0 to >40-cm) in 295 studies from throughout the continental U.S. Overall, converting from MP to CP did not affect those soil structure indicators but reducing tillage intensity from MP to NT increased AS in the surface (<15-cm) and slightly decreased BD and PR below 25-cm. The largest positive effect of NT on AS was observed within Inceptisols and Entisols after a minimum of three years. Compared to MP, NT had a minimal effect on soil compaction indicators (BD and PR) but as expected, converting from MP to PER systems improved soil structure at all soil depths (0 to >40-cm). Among those three soil structure indicators, AS was the most sensitive to management practices; thus, it should be used as a physical indicator for overall soil health assessment. In addition, based on this national meta-analysis, we conclude that reducing tillage intensity improves soil structure, thus offering producers assurance those practices are feasible for crop production and that they will also help sustain soil resources.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Tillage Intensity Effects on Soil Structure Indicators—A US Meta-Analysis

2020

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“…Puddling and other tillage practices obliterated pore connectivity, and lower aggregate stability caused clogging of pores during infiltration (Kukal & Aggarwal, 2002). There have been contrasting reports of higher infiltration rates (e.g., Das et al, 2018 (due to better pore connectivity) and Thierfelder & Wall, 2010 (due to residue retention and better aggregation)), lower infiltration rates (e.g., Liu, Zhang, Kravchenko, & Iqbal, 2015 (due to the lower amount of macropores in clay textured soil)) or no change (Cunha et al, 2015;Singh, Phogat, Dahiya, & Batra, 2014) in the infiltration rate through adoption of no-tillage or reduced tillage. A global metanalysis concluded there was higher soil infiltration rate with longer duration of adoption of no-tillage (Mondal, Chakraborty, Bandyopadhyay, & Aggarwal, 2019a,b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short‐term (5 years) impact of conservation agriculture on soil physical properties and organic carbon in a rice–wheat rotation in the Indo‐Gangetic plains of Bihar

Mondal

Poonia

Mishra

et al. 2019

European J Soil Science

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Short-term (5 years) impact of tillage and residue management practices on physical properties and organic carbon (OC) of a silty clay soil was evaluated in a rice-wheat rotation in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of Bihar. The experiment had three conservation agriculture (CA) practices: one full (direct-seeded rice (DSR)-no-tilled wheat (NTW)-no-tilled mung bean (NTMB); fCA) and two partial (puddled transplanted rice (PTR)-NTW-conventionally tilled mung bean (CTMB); pCA1 and unpuddled transplanted rice (UPTPR)-conventionally tilled potato+maize (CTP + M)-NTMB; pCA2), which were evaluated against full conventional practice (puddled transplanted rice (PTR)-conventionally tilled wheat (CTW); TA). Subsurface compaction reduced and soil aggregation improved under both full and partial CA. Macro-and water-stable aggregates increased to a large extent (26 and 11%, respectively) in full CA and to a lesser extent in partial CA, mostly due to increase in coarse macroaggregate (2-8 mm) contents in the 0-10 and 10-20-cm depth soil layers. Steady-state infiltration rate nearly doubled under full CA, with larger pore volume recorded in 10-20 and 20-30-cm depth soil layers. The CA increased OC associated with all size fractions of aggregates in the surface soil layer (0-10 cm), but a higher amount of C was associated with macroaggregates, indicating relative stabilization of OC in the soil under CA. Change in bulk soil OC was larger in the 0-10-cm depth soil layer in favour of CA, which also had an 11% increase in OC stock in the 0-30-cm depth soil layer. Improvement in soil physical condition did not effectively translate into increased rice or wheat yields, but the system productivity increased largely. Highlights • Conservation agriculture (CA) resulted in 11-12% higher macro-aggregation compared to conventional practice (CT). • Macro-and total pores reduced in the 0-10 cm depth soil layer but increased in the 10-20 cm depth soil layer under CA. • CA resulted in 27-35% higher aggregate-associated OC content and 11% increase in OC stock at 0-30 cm.

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“…Results www.nature.com/scientificreports/ demonstrated that conservation tillage with crop residue retention could increase the yield of winter crops in rice-fallows by improving soil physical properties and moisture retention. Lower length, width and volume of cracks under conservation tillage indicate better soil aggregation and pores size distribution 10,12,16,25 . Several studies have reported the adverse impact of conventional PTR cultivation on soil health and microbial functions that in turn affect the successive winter crop performance 25,26 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lower length, width and volume of cracks under conservation tillage indicate better soil aggregation and pores size distribution 10,12,16,25 . Several studies have reported the adverse impact of conventional PTR cultivation on soil health and microbial functions that in turn affect the successive winter crop performance 25,26 . Formation of hard layer in the sub-surface soil due to wet-tillage increases the soil resistance that restricts the root growth of successive crop and limits water extraction from lower soil depths 27 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rice residue retention markedly reduced the energy ratio as it largely increased the bio-energy input. Nevertheless, crop residue retention has been suggested as a sustainable approach particularly in the tropical agro-climate, where the soil native carbon pool is low 25,26 . Further, residue retention could be the best alternative to crop residue burning, which is extensively being practiced in rice-growing areas of Indo-Gangetic plains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crop rotation and tillage management options for sustainable intensification of rice-fallow agro-ecosystem in eastern India

Kumar

Mishra

Rao

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Presently, rice-fallows are targeted for cropping intensification in South Asia. Rice-fallows a rainfed mono-cropping system remain fallow after rice due to lack of irrigation facilities and poor socioeconomic condition of the farmers. Nevertheless, there is the scope of including ecologically adaptable winter crops in water-limited rice-fallow conditions with effective moisture conservation practices. The study aimed to identify the winter-crops that are adaptable and productive in rice-fallow conditions and to evaluate the different tillage-based crop establishment practices for soil moisture conservation, grain yield, economics, and sustainability parameters. Six different crop establishment and residue management (CERM) practices viz., zero-tillage direct seeded rice (ZTDSR), zero-tillage transplanted rice (ZTTPR), puddled transplanted rice (PTR), ZTDSR with rice residue retention (ZTDSR R+), ZTTPR with rice residue retention (ZTTPR R+), PTR with rice residue retention (PTR R+) as main-plot treatment and five winter crops (chickpea, lentil, safflower, linseed, and mustard) as sub-plot treatment were evaluated in a split-plot design. The productivity of grain legumes (chickpea and lentil) was higher over oilseed crops in rice-fallow conditions with an order of chickpea > lentil > safflower > mustard > linseed. Among the CERM practices, ZTDSR R+ and ZTDSR treatments increased the grain yield of all the winter crops over PTR treatment, which was primarily attributed to higher soil moisture retention for an extended period. Grain yield increment with conservation tillage practices was highly prominent in safflower (190%) followed by lentil (93%) and chickpea (70%). Rice grain yield was higher (7-35%) under PTR treatment followed by ZTDSR treatment. Conservation tillage practices (ZTDSR, ZTTPR) reduced energy use (11-20%) and increased the energy ratio over conventional tillage practice (PTR), higher in rice-safflower, rice-lentil and rice-chickpea rotations. Higher net return was attained in rice-safflower and rice-chickpea rotations with ZTDSR R+ treatment. Predicted emission of greenhouse gases was markedly reduced in ZTDSR treatment (30%) compared to ZTTPR and PTR treatments. Hence, the study suggests that cropping intensification of rice-fallows with the inclusion of winter crops like chickpea, lentil, and safflower following conservation tillage practices (ZTDSR R+ in particular) could be the strategic options for achieving the higher system productivity, economic returns, and energy use efficiency with the reduced emission of greenhouse gases. Rice-fallows, the rainfed mono-crop production system, nowadays are gaining greater attention for cropping intensification in South Asia 1. Rice-fallow areas extended over 22.3 M ha in South Asia, having maximum acreage in India (88.3%) and remaining in Bangladesh (8.7%), Pakistan (0.5%), Sri Lanka (1.1%), Nepal (1.4%), and Bhutan (0.02%) 2. The major challenges of cropping intensification in rice-fallow areas includes lack of irrigation

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Tillage and cropping sequence effect on physico-chemical and biological properties of soil in Eastern Himalayas, India

Cited by 56 publications

References 65 publications

Tillage Intensity Effects on Soil Structure Indicators—A US Meta-Analysis

Tillage Intensity Effects on Soil Structure Indicators—A US Meta-Analysis

Short‐term (5 years) impact of conservation agriculture on soil physical properties and organic carbon in a rice–wheat rotation in the Indo‐Gangetic plains of Bihar

Crop rotation and tillage management options for sustainable intensification of rice-fallow agro-ecosystem in eastern India

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