Tillage and crop establishment effects on weeds and productivity of a rice-wheat-mungbean rotation

Mishra, J. S.; Kumar, Rakesh; Mondal, Surajit; Poonia, Shishpal; Rao, K. Koteswara; Dubey, Rachana; Raman, Rohan Kumar; Dwivedi, S. K.; Kumar, Rahul; Saurabh, Kirti; Monobrullah, Md.; Kumar, Santosh; Bhatt, B. P.; Malik, R. K.; Kumar, Virender; McDonald, Andrew J.; Bhaskar, S.

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108577

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…By effectively suppressing weeds, IWM allows crops to access and utilize available nutrients more efficiently [105]. The incorporation of organic matter through crop residues and green manuring practices in IWM further enhances soil fertility and nutrient content [106], nutrient mineralization [107], and soil biological properties [97]. The combined effects of reduced weed competition, improved soil biological properties, and enhanced nutrient cycling dynamics create a favorable environment for crop growth [108].…”

Section: Soil Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CT systems exhibit higher yield potential due to favorable seedbed preparation, which promotes better seed germination and reduces weed competition [91]. Effective weed control and pest management in conventionally tilled systems contribute to improved crop growth and yield, minimizing yield losses [107]. Additionally, CT offers better opportunities for pest and disease management [78], reducing the risk of damage to crops, and precise nutrient management through tillage operations enhances nutrient availability and uptake [92], leading to higher crop yields [113].…”

Section: Economic Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conservation Tillage and Weed Management Influencing Weed Dynamics, Crop Performance, Soil Properties, and Profitability in a Rice–Wheat–Greengram System in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain

et al. 2023

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A three-year field experiment was carried out to assess the efficacy of various tillage and residue management practices, as well as weed management approaches, in a rice–wheat–green gram rotation. The treatments included: conventional till transplanted rice–conventional till wheat–fallow (T1); conventional till transplanted rice–zero-till wheat–zero-till green gram (T2); conventional till direct-seeded rice—conventional-till wheat—zero-till green gram (T3); zero-till direct-seeded rice—zero-till wheat—zero-till green gram (T4); zero-till direct-seeded rice + residue zero-till wheat + residue zero-till green gram (T5). In weed management, three treatments are as follows: recommended herbicides (W1); integrated weed management (W2); and unweeded (W3). The integrated weed management treatment had the lowest weed biomass, which was 44.3, 45.3, and 33.7% lower than the treatment W3 at 30 and 60 days after sowing and harvest, respectively. T1 grain and straw yielded more than T2 in the early years than in subsequent years. The conventional till transplanted rice–zero-till wheat–zero-till green gram system produced 33.6, 37.6, and 27.7% greater net returns than the zero-till direct-seeded rice—zero-till wheat—zero-till greengram system, respectively. Conventional till transplanted rice–conventional till wheat–fallow had the biggest reduction (0.41%) in soil organic carbon from the initial value. The findings of the study demonstrated that adopting the transplanting method for rice, followed by zero tillage for wheat and green gram, enhanced productivity and profitability, while simultaneously preserving soil health.

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Section: Soil Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Economic Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation Tillage and Weed Management Influencing Weed Dynamics, Crop Performance, Soil Properties, and Profitability in a Rice–Wheat–Greengram System in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain

et al. 2023

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“…It has to be pointed out that the smothering mechanism by living part of a cover crop, as reported in some scientific literature (Lu et al, 2000), did unlikely occur, because stylosanthes regrowth in our system was slow at the beginning, reaching only 5% of cover at 60 DAS. The weed suppressive effect of the no-till component of the system is arguable as some authors believe that no-tillage instead increases weed infestation (Travlos et al, 2018) although other authors claimed it reduced weed density and seed bank (Mishra et al, 2022).…”

Section: Effect Of the No-till System With Stylosanthes On Weed Harmf...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Small-seeded and light-sensitive weeds are particularly susceptible to suppression by mulches (Teasdale, 1996), whereas preadapted weed species residing in an agroecosystem within dispersal distance come to thrive following a change in management practice (Rao et al, 2007). In addition, the ploughing in the conventional system should have inflicted a direct disturbance on the weed seed bank distribution and composition (Mishra et al, 2022).…”

Section: Effect Of the No-till System With Stylosanthes On Weed Commu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

No‐till with Stylosanthes guianensis cover crop affects weed community and improves weed management in upland rainfed rice in Madagascar

et al. 2023

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In Madagascar, upland rainfed rice is traditionally grown on tilled soil without transplanting. Weed infestation by annual species is a serious issue in such a system. Stylosanthes guianensis, a legume cover crop, can be grown with rice as a living mulch but its effect on the weed community and rice yield was not yet well studied. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in Mid‐West Madagascar from 2016 to 2018. A no‐till system with stylosanthes (NT) managed as a living mulch was compared to the conventional tilled (CT) system. Two fertilisation regimes were included: organic manure (F1) and organic manure combined with mineral fertiliser (F2). Weed floristic surveys were performed, and weed harmfulness evaluated by comparing weedy and weed‐free plots. The living mulch harmfulness was evaluated using weed‐stylosanthes‐free plots. Results showed that NT suppressed dominant grass weeds Digitaria spp. and Eleusine indica leading to a decrease in total weed biomass. Rice yield was significantly higher in NT than in CT; in weed‐free condition, it was 2.4 versus 2 t ha−1 in NT and CT, respectively, and 1.5 versus 0.6 t ha−1 in NT and CT, respectively, in weedy condition. The living mulch reduced rice yield by 14% but it remained significantly higher in NT than in CT. The addition of mineral fertiliser to the organic manure had a positive effect on rice yield but only in weed‐free conditions. This study showed that a no‐till system with a living mulch can help to control the most competitive weeds without undermining rice production.

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“…Practices like intensive tillage operations, absence of crop residue, imbalance use of chemical fertilizers and lack of crop rotation in conventional farming lead to deterioration of soil ( Samal et al, 2017 ). Soil degradation will be more intense in the future due to the increased intensity of conventional tillage (CT), consequences of climate change and more pressure on unit areas for food production ( Mishra et al, 2022 ). Hence, adopting good soil-conservation practices, such as minimal soil disturbance ( Zhang et al, 2015 ), retention of crop biomass ( Devi et al, 2017 ), soil cover ( Mondal et al, 2021 ), sufficient use of manures ( Kumar et al, 2021 ) and crop diversification are important aspects for long-term sustainability of agriculture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of conservation agriculture-based production systems on bacterial diversity and soil quality in rice-wheat-greengram cropping system in eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains of India

et al. 2023

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IntroductionConservation agriculture (CA) is gaining attention in the South Asia as an environmentally benign and sustainable food production system. The knowledge of the soil bacterial community composition along with other soil properties is essential for evaluating the CA-based management practices for achieving the soil environment sustainability and climate resilience in the rice-wheat-greengram system. The long-term effects of CA-based tillage-cum-crop establishment (TCE) methods on earthworm population, soil parameters as well as microbial diversity have not been well studied.MethodsSeven treatments (or scenarios) were laid down with the various tillage (wet, dry, or zero-tillage), establishment method (direct-or drill-seeding or transplantation) and residue management practices (mixed with the soil or kept on the soil surface). The soil samples were collected after 7 years of experimentation and analyzed for the soil quality and bacterial diversity to examine the effect of tillage-cum-crop establishment methods.Results and DiscussionEarthworm population (3.6 times), soil organic carbon (11.94%), macro (NPK) (14.50–23.57%) and micronutrients (Mn, and Cu) (13.25 and 29.57%) contents were appreciably higher under CA-based TCE methods than tillage-intensive farming practices. Significantly higher number of OTUs (1,192 ± 50) and Chao1 (1415.65 ± 14.34) values were observed in partial CA-based production system (p ≤ 0.05). Forty-two (42) bacterial phyla were identified across the scenarios, and Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes were the most dominant in all the scenarios. The CA-based scenarios harbor a high abundance of Proteobacteria (2–13%), whereas the conventional tillage-based scenarios were dominated by the bacterial phyla Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi and found statistically differed among the scenarios (p ≤ 0.05). Composition of the major phyla, i.e., Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes were associated differently with either CA or farmers-based tillage management practices. Overall, the present study indicates the importance of CA-based tillage-cum-crop establishment methods in shaping the bacterial diversity, earthworms population, soil organic carbon, and plant nutrient availability, which are crucial for sustainable agricultural production and resilience in agro-ecosystem.

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Tillage and crop establishment effects on weeds and productivity of a rice-wheat-mungbean rotation

Cited by 9 publications

References 76 publications

Conservation Tillage and Weed Management Influencing Weed Dynamics, Crop Performance, Soil Properties, and Profitability in a Rice–Wheat–Greengram System in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain

Conservation Tillage and Weed Management Influencing Weed Dynamics, Crop Performance, Soil Properties, and Profitability in a Rice–Wheat–Greengram System in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain

No‐till with Stylosanthes guianensis cover crop affects weed community and improves weed management in upland rainfed rice in Madagascar

Influence of conservation agriculture-based production systems on bacterial diversity and soil quality in rice-wheat-greengram cropping system in eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains of India

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