Tilapia Head Protein Hydrolysate Attenuates Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairment through the Gut-Brain Axis in Mice

Ji, Jun Young; Yi, Xiangzhou; Zhu, Yujie; Yu, Hui; Huang, Shuqi; Liu, Zhong-Yuan; Zhang, Xueying; Xia, Guanghua; Shen, Xuanri

doi:10.3390/foods10123129

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies have shown that scopolamine injections decreased the α-diversity, increased Firmicutes, and decreased Bacteroides [ 23 ]. Scopolamine injections have been demonstrated to positively correlate with Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcaceae_unclassified, Lachnospiraceae_unclassified, and Lactobacillus while being negatively related to Desulfovibrio, Akkermansia , and Blautia [ 23 ]. Scopolamine injections increase the intestinal permeability and induce memory impairment [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scopolamine injections have been demonstrated to positively correlate with Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcaceae_unclassified, Lachnospiraceae_unclassified, and Lactobacillus while being negatively related to Desulfovibrio, Akkermansia , and Blautia [ 23 ]. Scopolamine injections increase the intestinal permeability and induce memory impairment [ 23 , 24 ]. The present study also showed similar changes in the gut microbiota and memory function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Memory Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease via the Inhibition of the Parasympathetic Nervous System

Park

2022

IJMS

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The gut microbiota has been demonstrated to play a critical role in maintaining cognitive function via the gut-brain axis, which may be related to the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). However, the exact mechanism remains to be determined. We investigated that patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) could exhibit an altered gut microbiota through the suppression of the PNS, compared to the healthy individuals, using the combined gut microbiota data from previous human studies. The hypothesis was validated in rats to suppress the PNS by scopolamine injections. The human fecal bacterial FASTA/Q files were selected and combined from four different AD studies (n = 410). All rats had a high-fat diet and treatments for six weeks. The MD rats had memory impairment by scopolamine injection (2 mg/kg body weight; MD, Control) or no memory impairment by saline injection. The scopolamine-injected rats had a donepezil intake as the positive group. In the optimal model generated from the XGboost analysis, Blautia luti, Pseudomonas mucidoiens, Escherichia marmotae, and Gemmiger formicillis showed a positive correlation with MCI while Escherichia fergusonii, Mycobacterium neglectum, and Lawsonibacter asaccharolyticus were positively correlated with AD in the participants with enterotype Bacteroides (ET-B, n = 369). The predominant bacteria in the AD group were negatively associated in the networking analysis with the bacteria in the healthy group of ET-B participants. From the animal study, the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Bilophilia was lower, and that of Escherichia, Blautia, and Clostridium was higher in the scopolamine-induced memory deficit (MD) group than in the normal group. These results suggest that MCI was associated with the PNS suppression and could progress to AD by exacerbating the gut dysbiosis. MCI increased Clostridium and Blautia, and its progression to AD elevated Escherichia and Pseudomonas. Therefore, the modulation of the PNS might be linked to an altered gut microbiota and brain function, potentially through the gut-brain axis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Memory Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease via the Inhibition of the Parasympathetic Nervous System

Park

2022

IJMS

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“…Donepezil is a potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, and the US FDA approved donepezil for dementia treatment, but its long-term efficacy and safety are unclear. Diet interventions such as protein hydrolysates have been studied for dementia prevention [ 25 ]. In the present study, donepezil was used as the Positive-control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gut–brain axis involves two-way biochemical signaling between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system (CNS). The gut microorganisms contribute to the host’s energy metabolism, serum metabolites, and brain function through SCFA, secondary bile acids, amino acids, and neurotransmitters [ 25 , 28 ]. The dysbiosis of the gut microbiota decreasing Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species is related to neurodegenerative diseases [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Effect of Porcine Brain Enzyme Hydrolysate Intake on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Rats

Zhang

Kim

Kim³

et al. 2022

IJMS

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No study has revealed the effect of porcine brain enzyme hydrolysate (PBEH) on memory impairment. We aimed to examine the hypothesis that PBEH intake modulates memory deficits and cognitive behavior in scopolamine (SC)-induced amnesia rats, and its mechanism, including gut microbiota changes, was determined. Sprague–Dawley male rats had intraperitoneal injections of SC (2 mg/kg body weight/day) at 30 min after daily feeding of casein (MD-control), PBEH (7 mg total nitrogen/mL) at 0.053 mL (Low-PBEH), 0.159 mL (Medium-PBEH), 0.478 mL (High-PBEH), or 10 mg donepezil (Positive-control) per kilogram body weight per day through a feeding needle for six weeks. The Normal-control rats had casein feeding without SC injection. PBEH dose-dependently protected against memory deficits determined by passive avoidance test, Y-maze, water-maze, and novel object recognition test in SC-induced rats compared to the MD-control. The High-PBEH group had a similar memory function to the Positive-control group. Systemic insulin resistance determined by HOMA-IR was lower in the PBEH groups than in the Normal-control but not the Positive-control. In parallel with systemic insulin resistance, decreased cholesterol and increased glycogen contents in the hippocampus in the Medium-PBEH and High-PBEH represented reduced brain insulin resistance. PBEH intake prevented the increment of serum TNF-α and IL-1β concentrations in the SC-injected rats. Hippocampal lipid peroxide and TNF-α contents and mRNA TNF-α and IL-1β expression were dose-dependently reduced in PBEH and Positive-control. PBEH decreased the hippocampal acetylcholinesterase activity compared to the MD-control, but not as much as the Positive-control. PBEH intake increased the α-diversity of the gut microbiota compared to the MD-control, and the gut microbiota community was separated from MD-control. In metagenome function analysis, PBEH increased the energy metabolism-related pathways of the gut microbiota, including citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and amino acid metabolism, which were lower in the MD-control than the Normal-control. In conclusion, alleviated memory deficit by PBEH was associated potentially with not only reducing acetylcholinesterase activity but also improving brain insulin resistance and neuroinflammation potentially through modulating gut microbiota. PBEH intake (1.5–4.5 mL of 7 mg total nitrogen/mL for human equivalent) can be a potential therapeutic agent for improving memory impairment.

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“…There are significant associations between gut microbiota and demyelination by the microglia in brain, suggesting that the crosstalk between gut-microbiota and brain-microglia could play a key role for clearing out the engrams [ 63 ]. In fact, the destruction of the homeostasis in the gut-brain axis could lead to cognitive impairment and memory decline [ 64 ].…”

Section: Innovative Praxis With Gut-brain-immune Axis For the Potenti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Encouraging probiotics for the prevention and treatment of immune-related adverse events in novel immunotherapies against malignant glioma

Yoshikawa

Taniguchi

Sawamura

et al. 2022

Exploration of Targeted Anti-Tumor Therapy

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Among the malignant tumors in the central nervous system (CNS), glioma is the most challenging tumor to the public society, which accounts for the majority of intracranial malignant tumors with impaired brain function. In general, conventional therapies are still unable to provide an effective cure. However, novel immunotherapies have changed the treatment scene giving patients a greater potential to attain long term survival, improved quality of life. Having shown favorable results in solid tumors, those therapies are now at a cancer research hotspot, which could even shrink the growth of glioma cells without causing severe complications. However, it is important to recognize that the therapy may be occasionally associated with noteworthy adverse action called immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) which have emerged as a potential limitation of the therapy. Multiple classes of mediators have been developed to enhance the ability of immune system to target malignant tumors including glioma but may also be associated with the IRAEs. In addition, it is probable that it would take long time after the therapy to exhibit severe immune-related disorders. Gut microbiota could play an integral role in optimal immune development and/or appropriate function for the cancer therapy, which is a vital component of the multidirectional communication between immune system, brain, and gut, also known as gut-brain-immune axis. Here, we show the potential effects of the gut-brain-immune axis based on an “engram theory” for the innovative treatment of IRAEs.

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Tilapia Head Protein Hydrolysate Attenuates Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairment through the Gut-Brain Axis in Mice

Cited by 10 publications

References 76 publications

Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Memory Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease via the Inhibition of the Parasympathetic Nervous System

Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Memory Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease via the Inhibition of the Parasympathetic Nervous System

Long-Term Effect of Porcine Brain Enzyme Hydrolysate Intake on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Rats

Encouraging probiotics for the prevention and treatment of immune-related adverse events in novel immunotherapies against malignant glioma

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