Identification and quantification of in-situ stress barriers is a crucial part of every hydraulic fracturing design and treatment programme. The absence of stress barriers may lead to significant vertical growth of the fracture, creating a channel between the oil-bearing intervals and potential undesirable water-bearing formations.
This paper presents a case study where the in-situ stress profile in a tight oilfield in West Siberia was re-calibrated. The original stress profile, which was based on core analysis, gamma ray and acoustic data, indicated the stress contrast was enough to contain the fracture within the producing layer. Unexpectedly, high water cut between 60 to 70 % was reported in the horizontal wells, where multi-stage hydraulic fracturing was performed and the source of water production was uncertain.
Consequently, straddle packer microfrac testing was conducted in one well to create a more detailed and better-constrained stress profile in the target oil-bearing formation as well as in the bounding shale above and below. The data obtained indicated very little stress contrast between the production layer and the surrounding shale layers. The revised stress model differed significantly from what was typically used in West Siberia. The updated hydraulic fracture model showed that excess height growth into the surrounding shale barriers was likely, and breakthrough into the water-bearing layer located 50 to 70 meters above could explain the high observed water cuts in the treated wells.
Assuming a uniform stress profile along the lateral, the hydraulic fracture design was then optimized to decrease the risk of breakthrough into the water zone. The optimized treatments involved low-viscosity fracturing fluid and also a reduced amount of proppant per stage used in the treatment. The optimized hydraulic fracture treatment was performed in several horizontal wells, which saw a reduction in the initial water cut to below 10%, and also experienced an increase in oil production. This demonstrates the importance of having reliable stress measurements for hydraulic fracturing design.