“…It has been considered a potential oil resource that contributes to solving the increasing human demand for edible oil. As the by‐product of tigernut oil production, defatted tigernut flour (DTF) contains mainly 41% of starch, 15% of dietary fibre, and 8% of protein, and it is rich in minerals ( e.g ., K, Ca, and P) and bioactive ingredients ( e.g ., flavonoids, alkaloids, and vitamins; Nwosu et al ., 2022; Zhang & Sun, 2023). Its chemical composition is similar to that of quinoa flour, corn flour, and rice flour (Ahmed & Hussein, 2014; Huang et al ., 2022).…”