Tiempo De Interrupción De Negocios en La Ciudad De México Por Daños Directos Y Efectos Indirectos en Edificios a Causa Del Sismo Del 19s De 2017

Abstract

Después del sismo ocurrido el 19 de septiembre de 2017 en México, una gran cantidad de negocios establecidos en la Ciudad de México dejó de operar temporalmente e incluso de forma definitiva. De acuerdo con lo observado tras este evento destructivo, en este trabajo se identifican las fuentes de interrupción del negocio: Protocolos de seguridad iniciales, Suspensión de servicios públicos de suministro, Efectos de vecindario y Daños en los componentes del edificio, y se propone un modelo para determinar el tiempo de interrupción de negocio, IN, con base en la inactividad de la edificación. Con la finalidad de tener valores de referencia para los datos de entrada, se documentan los tiempos de evaluación de edificios, restablecimiento de servicios públicos, demolición de edificios, entre otros aspectos relevantes para la CDMX. Finalmente, los conceptos se ejemplifican con un negocio formal hipotético establecido en una edificación de dos niveles de mampostería confinada y en los resultados se obtiene que habría una paralización total de las actividades empresariales por más de un mes debido a daños menores en la infraestructura de energía eléctrica y algunos daños estructurales en la planta alta. Además, se concluye que, aunque la interrupción de negocios depende de múltiples factores, la participación de los Ingenieros Estructuristas es trascendental para minimizar el tiempo de IN, especialmente en la evaluación de la seguridad de los edificios y la rehabilitación de las infraestructuras.

Functionality Loss and Recovery Time Models for Structural Elements, Non-Structural Components, and Delay Times to Estimate the Seismic Resilience of Mexican School Buildings

“…Indirect losses caused by downtime are commonly associated with impediments to providing certain services or producing certain products due to functionality loss in the infrastructure. It is common that these losses represent a large percentage of the total economic losses caused by an earthquake, particularly in commercial buildings [1,23]. This is why downtime must be properly estimated where delay factors have an important role and is the reason why it has been explored in the past by many authors, e.g., [1,15,24], with the framework proposed by Almufti et al [15] being the most widely adopted.…”

“…It is common that these losses represent a large percentage of the total economic losses caused by an earthquake, particularly in commercial buildings [1,23]. This is why downtime must be properly estimated where delay factors have an important role and is the reason why it has been explored in the past by many authors, e.g., [1,15,24], with the framework proposed by Almufti et al [15] being the most widely adopted. This framework comprises the following factors delaying the repair activities required to bring back the lost functionality:…”

“…Seismic events throughout history have made it evident that creating non-collapsing structures is not enough to guarantee an acceptable post-earthquake scenario. This was observed during the 2017 earthquake in Mexico City, where a large part of the affected buildings showed no structural damage; however, the affected non-structural elements and contents caused an interruption to daily activities [1], affecting overall functionality, downtime, and resilience. The study of resilience in the context of earthquake engineering began with the definition of this concept [2].…”

“…This framework was then extended to propose different ways to characterize resilience with known parameters (time and functionality) so that it might be quantified [3,4]. This led to a framework to estimate resilience, as expressed in Equation (1).…”

“…Equation (1) has been adopted by numerous researchers in efforts to quantify the resilience of a particular system [5][6][7]. Several of these efforts are focused on lifeline infrastructure due to its high social relevance [4,8]; however, building infrastructure such as dwellings, schools, and hospitals is also important to maintain community resilience, as mentioned by Feng et al [9] who studied the interdependency between different building sectors and its effects on community resilience.…”