Tide-Surge Interaction in the Pearl River Estuary: A Case Study of Typhoon Hato

Zheng, Peng; Li, Ming; Wang, Caixia; Wolf, Judith; Chen, Xueen; Dominicis, Michela De; Yao, Peng; Hu, Zhan

doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00236

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…We used an FVCOM 47 implementation for the South China Sea and Pearl River Delta, with an unstructured grid that extends from a coarse grid (>10 km) in the open ocean to an appropriately high resolution (100 m) in the delta distributary channels, with 25 uniform σ (terrain following) vertical layers. The model has been previously validated and used to explore future interactions between sea level rise, tides and storm surges 41,48 . Water level time series have been validated against observed data from four coastal stations (root mean square error <20 cm) and average tidal range levels have been also validated using 23 tide gauges located in the river branches 41 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mangrove forests can be an effective coastal defence in the Pearl River Delta, China

Dominicis

Wolf

Hespen

et al. 2023

Commun Earth Environ

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Coastal vegetation can reduce extreme water levels during storm events, but the controlling factors and processes in complex estuary or delta systems are still unclear. This limits an effective implementation of nature-based coastal defences in delta mega-cities in low-lying coastal areas. Here we have numerically modelled how mangroves can offer coastal protection to the large coastal cities located in the Pearl River Delta (China), such as Guangzhou and Shenzhen, during strong typhoons, like Hato (2017). Water level attenuation by mangroves is effective during extreme water level conditions and differences in mangrove forests’ properties drive their coastal protection function. The local (within-wetland) attenuation of extreme water levels is more effective with wide vegetation patches and higher vegetation drag. Narrower vegetation patches can still provide non-local (upstream) water level attenuation if located in the upper estuary channels, but their design needs to avoid amplification of water levels in other delta areas.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mangrove forests can be an effective coastal defence in the Pearl River Delta, China

Dominicis

Wolf

Hespen

et al. 2023

Commun Earth Environ

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“…TSRI from downstream (LE) to upstream (PA, NB) were mainly induced by the storm surges, and the peaks of TSRI increased from about 0.2 to 0.8 m as water depth became shallower (Figures 8G-L). Wind stress-induced surge magnitude is understood to be significantly greater at low water than at high water (Horsburgh and Wilson, 2007;Rego and Li, 2010;Zheng et al, 2020). The shallower the water depth, the stronger the tidal current magnitude, which resulted in stronger TSRI.…”

Section: Contribution Of Tsri To Twlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the Non-linear Interactions Between Tide, Storm Surge, and River Flow in the Delaware Bay Estuary, United States

et al. 2021

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Low-lying coastal areas in the mid-Atlantic region are prone to compound flooding resulting from the co-occurrence of river floods and coastal storm surges. To better understand the contribution of non-linear tide-surge-river interactions to compound flooding, the unstructured-grid Finite Volume Community Ocean Model was applied to simulate coastal storm surge and flooding in the Delaware Bay Estuary in the United States. The model was validated with tide gauge data in the estuary for selected hurricane events. Non-linear interactions between tide-surge-river were investigated using a non-stationary tidal analysis method, which decomposes the interactions’ components at the frequency domain. Model results indicated that tide-river interactions damped semidiurnal tides, while the tide-surge interactions mainly influenced diurnal tides. Tide-river interactions suppressed the water level upstream while tide-surge interaction increased the water level downstream, which resulted in a transition zone of damping and enhancing effects where the tide-surge-river interaction was prominent. Evident compound flooding was observed as a result of non-linear tide-surge-river interactions. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of river flooding on the non-linear interactions. The transition zone of damping and enhancing effects shifted downstream as the river flow rate increased.

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“…Given the rapid urbanization and economic development, mangrove conservation and restoration in the GBA is a great challenge. The local estuarine mangrove ecosystem has been affected by a large-scale anthropogenic disturbance and high risks of flooding (Dominicis et al, 2020;Zheng et al, 2020). A negative correlation was found between the changes in mangrove areas and that of built-up land.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mangrove Loss and Gain in a Densely Populated Urban Estuary: Lessons From the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

et al. 2021

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Understanding the recent changes in mangrove adjacent to mega-cities is critical for conservation, management, and policymaking in coastal zones with fast population growth and global change. Here we investigated mangrove area changes in one of the world’s largest urban areas near the main estuaries in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). Mangrove area changes are quantified for the period 1990–2018 by analyzing multiple sources of satellite images by classification algorithms. We found that estuarine mangrove area dynamics are driven by human actions and are contrasting between these two periods. (1) During 1990–2000, the estuarine mangrove area approximately decreased from 11.5 to 6.9 km2, among which the bulk part was transformed into aquaculture ponds (41.1%) and built-up area (29.9%). (2) During 2000–2018, the estuarine mangrove area rapidly increased to 18.3 km2 resulting from the protection and restoration efforts. Proportions of mangrove occurring in nature reserves increased from 37.5% in 1990 to >80% in the 2000s. Two major mangrove expansion ways, natural establishment (NE, in protected areas without any human interference) and human afforestation (HA) accounted almost equally (53.1 and 46.9%) for the gained estuarine mangrove area during 2010–2018. A future projection according to the current mangrove increasing rate suggests that all the low-lying land that is theoretically suitable for mangrove afforestation would be used up by 2060. Although afforestation has contributed to important gains in mangrove quantity, we highlight that it may also imply decreased habitat quality. It has resulted in a great occupation of high tidal mudflats and a loss of their valuable ecosystem services, and it may lead to spreading of non-native species, e.g., Sonneratia apetala, used in afforestation programs. Future restoration approaches should adopt more eco-friendly strategies, like reversing (abandoned) aquaculture ponds to native mangrove forests. Knowledge obtained from the GBA in this study may be also instrumental to ecological restorations for mangrove forests in other urbanized estuaries.

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Tide-Surge Interaction in the Pearl River Estuary: A Case Study of Typhoon Hato

Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

Mangrove forests can be an effective coastal defence in the Pearl River Delta, China

Mangrove forests can be an effective coastal defence in the Pearl River Delta, China

Characterizing the Non-linear Interactions Between Tide, Storm Surge, and River Flow in the Delaware Bay Estuary, United States

Mangrove Loss and Gain in a Densely Populated Urban Estuary: Lessons From the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

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