Tide-dominated Middle Devonian sequence from the northern part of the Holy Cross Mountains (Central Poland)

Deep in shadows, deep in time: the oldest mesophotic coral ecosystems from the Devonian of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland)

“…The Kowala Formation, especially the cyclically deposited part underlying the Skały Beds, represents a very shallow, even tidal environment (Skompski and Szulczewski 1994). Successive transgressive pulses (Id-IIa sensu Johnson et al 1985) in the Middle Devonian caused deepening and drowning of the carbonate platform in the Holy Cross Mountains (Racki 1992;Narkiewicz and Narkiewicz 2010), which also confirms deeper environments within the Skały Beds.…”

“…At this location, the dolomitic/limestone Kowala Formation represents shallow environments (Skompski and Szulczewski 1994) and is overlain by the Skały Beds, composed of marly and clayey shales interbedded with marls and limestones (lithological sets XIII to XXVIII of Pajchlowa 1957) that represent deeper, intrashelf environments (Kłossowski 1985;Racki and Narkiewicz 2000).…”

Progressive drowning of carbonate platform in the Moravo-Silesian Basin (Czech Republic) before the Frasnian/Famennian event: facies, compositional variations and gamma-ray spectrometry

“…Carbonate sedimentation started in the Eifelian, with the deposition of dolomites, peritidal limestones and rare Amphipora biostromes in Poland (Zbrza Dolomite, Lachowice Fm. ), but in Moravia, these facies are scarce (Skompski and Szulczewski 1994;Hladil and Kalvoda 1993;Narkiewicz 2005). The major phase of carbonate platform sedimentation coincided with the Givetian transgressive-regressive (T-R) cycle, during which, several-hundred-metres-thick coral-stromatoporoid biostromes and Amphipora banks (Macocha Fm., Dziewek and Debnik Limestone) accumulated throughout the MSB (Hladil 1986;Narkiewicz 1988Narkiewicz , 2005.…”

The uppermost Emsian and lower Eifelian in the Kielce Region of the Holy Cross Mts. Part I: Lithostratigraphy

“…The original subdivision of Malec (2005) is preserved herein (Text-figs 2 and 3). The upper part of the Eifelian is referred to the Wojciechowice Formation defined by Kłossowski (1985), who subdivided it into the Chmielowiec Member in the lower part, and the Crystalline Dolomites Member in the upper part (see detailed description in Skompski and Szulczewski 1994). Narkiewicz and Narkiewicz (2010; see also Narkiewicz and Ratellack 2014;Grabowski et al 2015;Narkiewicz et al 2015) revised the Wojciechowice Formation and referred the upper member to the Kowala Formation.…”

“…2). This consecutively resulted in: (i) late Emsian termination of continental sedimentation and development of marginal and marine clastic deposition (Łobanowski 1971, 1991Szulczewski and Porębski 2008); (ii) latest Emsian-early Eifelian retrogradation of clastic lithotypes beyond the Holy Cross area and development of carbonate lagoonal environments (Wójcik 2013); (iii) early Eifelian short-term constitution of open-marine environments (Malec 2005;Wójcik 2013); (iv) late Eifelian unification of shallow carbonate shelf environments (Skompski and Szulczewski 1994;Narkiewicz and Narkiewicz 2010;Niedźwiedzki et al 2010;Narkiewicz and Ratellack 2014;Wójcik 2013;Narkiewicz et al 2015); (v) Givetian to Frasnian transformation of a carbonate shelf into an isolated reef-rimmed shallow-marine "Dyminy" carbonate platform surrounded by deeper Łysogóry and Chęciny-Zbrza intrashelf basins (Szulczewski 1971;Racki 1993;Racki et al 2002;Wójcik 2012); (vi) late Frasnian to early Famennian drowning of a carbonate platform and its transformation into a pelagic platform (Szulczewski 1978;Szulczewski et al 1996;Wójcik 2009Wójcik , 2012; and (vii) late Famennian-Early Carboniferous unification of deep marine marly sedimentation (Szulczewski 1971(Szulczewski , 1973(Szulczewski , 1995(Szulczewski , 2006.…”