Tidally generated internal wave packets in Massachusetts Bay

Haury, Loren R.; Briscoe, Melbourne G.; Orr, Marshall H.

doi:10.1038/278312a0

Cited by 227 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The existence of large-amplitude internal waves (LIWs) in Massachusetts Bay was first described by Halpern (1971), with further investigations by Haury et al (1979Haury et al ( , 1983, Chereskin (1983), Trask and Briscoe (1983), and Scotti and Pineda (2004). The waves are generated by interaction of the barotropic tide with Stellwagen Bank in summer when the water column is stratified.…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sediment sampling and bottom photography were carried out in July 1999. Halpern (1971) and Haury et al (1979). Site B was instrumented from the surface to 1 m above bottom (mab) with an array of temperature, conductivity, current, light transmission and pressure sensors deployed on surface and subsurface moorings and on a bottom tripod.…”

Section: Field Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large internal waves in Massachusetts Bay transport sediments offshore

Butman

Alexander

Scotti

et al. 2006

Continental Shelf Research

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A field experiment was carried out in Massachusetts Bay in August 1998 to assess the role of large-amplitude internal waves (LIWs) in resuspending bottom sediments. The field experiment consisted of a four-element moored array extending from just west of Stellwagen Bank (90-m water depth) across Stellwagen Basin (85-and 50-m water depth) to the coast (24-m water depth). The LIWs were observed in packets of 5-10 waves, had periods of 5-10 min and wavelengths of 200-400 m, and caused downward excursions of the thermocline of as much as 30 m. At the 85-m site, the current measured 1 m above bottom (mab) typically increased from near 0 to 0.2 m/s offshore in a few minutes upon arrival of the LIWs. At the 50-m site, the near-bottom offshore flow measured 6 mab increased from about 0.1 to 0.4-0.6 m/s upon arrival of the LIWs and remained offshore in the bottom layer for 1-2 h. The near-bottom currents associated with the LIWs, in concert with the tidal currents, were directed offshore and sufficient to resuspend the bottom sediments at both the 50-and 85-m sites. When LIWs are present, they may resuspend sediments for as long as 5 hours each tidal cycle as they travel westward across Stellwagen Basin. At 85-m water depth, resuspension associated with LIWs is estimated to occur for about 0.4 days each summer, about the same amount of time as caused by surface waves. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Field Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large internal waves in Massachusetts Bay transport sediments offshore

Butman

Alexander

Scotti

et al. 2006

Continental Shelf Research

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“…Only since the 197Os, however, has their potential ecological importance been studied in detail. Haury et al (1979) reported high frequency internal waves in Massachusetts Bay and proposed that they could produce significant redistribution of plankton. Shea and Brocnkow (1982) detected large amplitude internal tides and a potential effect on the nutrient regime of Monterey Bay, California.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed delivery of subthermocline water to Conch Reef (Florida Keys) by internal tidal bores

Leichter

Wing

Miller

et al. 1996

Limnology & Oceanography

220

207

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Internal tidal bores generated by breaking internal waves cause drs.matic, high-frequency variation in temperature, salinity, water velocities, and concentration of chlorophyll .z on Conch Reef, Florida Keys. The arrival of bores on the reef slope is linked to a semidiurnal internal tide and is marked by temperature drops of up to 5.4"C and salinity increases of up to 0.6% in l-20 min. The:;e changes are accompanied by the sudden onset of upslope flow l-l 5 m above the bottom with speeds of lo-30 cm s-l. Cool, high-salinity water is transported from below the thermocline seaward of the reef and is resident on the reef slope for up to 4 h before it mixes with surface waters and recedes downslope. Compared with ambient surface water, this deep water can contain significantly elevated concentrations of di:;solved nitrate. Physical variability produced by this mechanism increases significantly with depth on the ree ?slope. Analysis of 3-yr temperature records indicates the arrival of internal bores is a consistent feature at this site from May through November, with peak activity in July-September. Pulsed delivery of subthermocline water appears to significantly affect the temperature, nutrient, and particle flux regimes on this coral reef.The sources, dynamics, and consequences of physical variability in coral reef ecosystems have interested biologist for at least 150 years. For example, Darwin's (1962 [ 18421) observation that reefs grow fastest near shelf edges, Goreau's ( 19 5 9) description of the effect of wave exposure on coral species distributions, Connell's (1978) formulation of the relationship between disturbance and species diversity, and many recent studies of physical disturbance in reef ecosystems (see Hughes 1993) all recognize the fundamental importance of temporal and spatial environmental variability.Single factors rarely explain the patterns and dynamics of coral reefs. However, the study of environmental variability provides an underlying context for understanding these complex ecosystems. BeAcknowledgments

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“…음향탐지기는 해저면에서 강하게 반사되는 음향으로부터 수심 측정에 주로 이용되지만 수층 내 밀도성층이나 부유물질 혹은 생 물들이 밀집된 층으로부터 반사/산란되는 음향도 감지할 수 있다 (Knauss, 1997). 내부파와 같이 물성구조의 시공간적 변동규모가 황해 중동부해역에서 CTD와 음향탐지기로 관측한 내부파와 표층 혼합 3 작지만 공간적으로 넓게 전파되는 현상인 경우 조사선박에 장착 되어 있는 음향탐지기를 활용하여 많은 연구결과들을 발표해 왔 다 (Haury, 1979;Farmer and Smith, 1980;Sandstrom and Elliott, 1984;Pingree and Mardell, 1985;Farmer and Armi, 1999;Moum et al, 2003) (Shin et al, 2002). 단면 B는 연구해역의 대표적인 물성구조를 보여 준다 (Fig.…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

Internal Waves and Surface Mixing Observed by CTD and Echo Sounder in the mid-eastern Yellow Sea

Lee¹,

Choi²,

Jeong³

2013

The Sea

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Acoustic backscatter profiles were measured by Eco-sounder along an east-west section in the mid-eastern Yellow Sea and at an anchoring station in the low salinity region off the Keum River estuary in September 2012, with observing physical water property structure by CTD. Tidal front was established around the sand ridge developed in 50 m depth region. Internal waves measured by Eco-sounder during low tide period in the eastern side of the sand ridge were nonlinear depression waves with wave height of 15 m and mean wavelength of 500 m. These waves were interpreted into tidal internal waves that were produced by tidal current flowing over the sand ridge to the southeast. When weakly non-linear soliton model was applied, propagation speed and period of these internal depression wave were 50 m/s and 16~18 min. Red tides by Dinoflagelates Cochlodinium were observed in the sea surface where strong acoustic scattering layer was raised up to 7 m. Hourly CTD profiles taken at the anchoring station off the Keum River estuary showed the halocline depth change by tidal current and land-sea breeze. When tidal current flowed strongly to the northeast during flood period and land-breeze of 7 m/s blew to the west, the halocline was temporally raised up as much as 2 m and acoustic profile images showed a complex structure in the surface layer within 5-m depth: in tens of seconds the declined acoustic structure of strong and weak scattering signals alternatively appeared with entrainment and intrusion shape. These acoustic profile structures in the surface mixed layer were observed for the first time in the coastal sea of the

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Tidally generated internal wave packets in Massachusetts Bay

Cited by 227 publications

References 18 publications

Large internal waves in Massachusetts Bay transport sediments offshore

Large internal waves in Massachusetts Bay transport sediments offshore

Pulsed delivery of subthermocline water to Conch Reef (Florida Keys) by internal tidal bores

Internal Waves and Surface Mixing Observed by CTD and Echo Sounder in the mid-eastern Yellow Sea

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