Tidal signatures in temperatures derived from daylight lidar soundings above Kühlungsborn (54°N, 12°E)

Kopp, M.; Gerding, M.; Höffner, J.; Lübken, Franz‐Josef

doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2014.09.002

Cited by 29 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Compared to the seasonal variation of this diurnal oscillation in the stratopause region, these amplitudes are stronger than the mean values of May provided by Kopp et al (2015). Usually, the expectation is a reduced tidal amplitude during summer, which is not observed here.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

“…A further description of the method can be found in Baumgarten et al (2017). In addition, a composite analysis of the lidar data as described in Kopp et al (2015) is used to investigate mean amplitudes of tidal waves.…”

Section: Instrumental Setup and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Rayleigh-Mie-Raman (RMR) lidar located at Kühlungsborn is able to provide this information up to 75 km altitude without an additional resonance lidar. The advantage of the RMR lidar at Kühlungsborn is the ability to measure under nighttime as well as under daytime conditions, resulting in a continuous temperature time series over the whole day (Gerding et al, 2013(Gerding et al, , 2016Kopp et al, 2015). Most other lidar instruments which can measure during the day cover only a small altitude range (Chu et al, 2011), while other RMR lidars measure only during nighttime conditions (Gardner and Voelz, 1987;Wilson et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal variability of tidal and gravity waves during a record long 10-day continuous lidar sounding

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Gravity waves (GWs) as well as solar tides are a key driving mechanism for the circulation in the Earth's atmosphere. The propagation of gravity waves is strongly affected by tidal waves as they modulate the mean background wind field and vice versa, which is not yet fully understood and not adequately implemented in many circulation models. The daylight-capable Rayleigh-Mie-Raman (RMR) lidar at Kühlungsborn (54 • N, 12 • E) typically provides temperature data to investigate both wave phenomena during one full day or several consecutive days in the middle atmosphere between 30 and 75 km altitude. Outstanding weather conditions in May 2016 allowed for an unprecedented 10-day continuous lidar measurement, which shows a large variability of gravity waves and tides on timescales of days. Using a one-dimensional spectral filtering technique, gravity and tidal waves are separated according to their specific periods or vertical wavelengths, and their temporal evolution is studied. During the measurement period a strong 24 h wave occurs only between 40 and 60 km and vanishes after a few days. The disappearance is related to an enhancement of gravity waves with periods of 4-8 h. Wind data provided by ECMWF are used to analyze the meteorological situation at our site. The local wind structure changes during the observation period, which leads to different propagation conditions for gravity waves in the last days of the measurement period and therefore a strong GW activity. The analysis indicates a further change in wave-wave interaction resulting in a minimum of the 24 h tide. The observed variability of tides and gravity waves on timescales of a few days clearly demonstrates the importance of continuous measurements with high temporal and spatial resolution to detect interaction phenomena, which can help to improve parametrization schemes of GWs in general circulation models.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Section: Instrumental Setup and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal variability of tidal and gravity waves during a record long 10-day continuous lidar sounding

et al. 2018

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“…9a). Note that the S 2 tides in the stratosphere have not been examined in detail except for some groundbased lidar measurements (e.g., Keckhut et al, 1996;Leblanc et al, 1999;Kopp et al, 2015); our study demonstrated its meridional-vertical structure for the first time. Figure 10 shows the vertical profiles of amplitude and phase for the temperature projected onto the (2, 2) mode ( 2 2 ), i.e., the gravest symmetric S 2 Hough mode (see Fig.…”

Section: Semidiurnal (S 2 ) Migrating Tidementioning

confidence: 82%

“…Li et al (2015) used CFSR reanalysis to examine the seasonality of S 2 migrating tides. Kopp et al (2015) compared the S 2 tides derived from lidar measurements over Kühlungsborn (54 • N, 12 • E) with those from MERRA reanalysis. Note that no intercomparison of the S 2 tides as represented in different reanalyses has so far been performed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Representation of solar tides in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere in state-of-the-art reanalyses and in satellite observations

2018

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Abstract. Atmospheric solar tides in the stratosphere and the lower mesosphere are investigated using temperature data from five state-of-the-art reanalysis data sets (MERRA-2, MERRA, JRA-55, ERA-Interim, and CFSR) as well as TIMED SABER and Aura MLS satellite measurements. The main focus is on the period 2006-2012 during which the satellite observations are available for direct comparison with the reanalyses. Diurnal migrating tides, semidiurnal migrating tides, and nonmigrating tides are diagnosed. Overall the reanalyses agree reasonably well with each other and with the satellite observations for both migrating and nonmigrating components, including their vertical structure and the seasonality. However, the agreement among reanalyses is more pronounced in the lower stratosphere and relatively weaker in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. A systematic difference between SABER and the reanalyses is found for diurnal migrating tides in the upper stratosphere and the lower mesosphere; specifically, the amplitude of trapped modes in reanalyses is significantly smaller than that in SABER, although such difference is less clear between MLS and the reanalyses. The interannual variability and the possibility of long-term changes in migrating tides are also examined using the reanalyses during 1980-2012. All the reanalyses agree in exhibiting a clear quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the tides, but the most significant indications of long-term changes in the tides represented in the reanalyses are most plausibly explained by the evolution of the satellite observing systems during this period. The tides are also compared in the full reanalyses produced by the Japan Meteorological Agency (i.e., JRA-55) and in two parallel data sets from this agency: one (JRA-55C) that repeats the reanalysis procedure but without any satellite data assimilated and one (JRA-55AMIP) that is a free-running integration of the model constrained only by observed sea surface temperatures. Many aspects of the tides are closer in JRA-55C and JRA-55AMIP than these are to the full reanalysis JRA-55, demonstrating the importance of the assimilation of satellite data in representing the diurnal variability of the middle atmosphere. In contrast to the assimilated data sets, the freerunning model has no QBO in equatorial stratospheric mean circulation and our results show that it displays no quasibiennial variability in the tides.

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Diurnal variation of the potassium layer in the upper atmosphere

Feng

Höffner

Marsh

et al. 2015

Geophysical Research Letters

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Measurements of the diurnal cycle of potassium (K) atoms between 80 and 110 km have been made during October (for the years 2004–2011) using a Doppler lidar at Kühlungsborn, Germany (54.1°N, 11.7°E). A pronounced diurnal variation is observed in the K number density, which is explored by using a detailed description of the neutral and ionized chemistry of K in a three‐dimensional chemistry climate model. The model captures both the amplitude and phase of the diurnal and semidiurnal variability of the layer, although the peak diurnal amplitude around 90 km is overestimated. The model shows that the total potassium density (≈ K + K + + KHCO 3 ) exhibits little diurnal variation at each altitude, and the diurnal variations are largely driven by photochemical conversion between these reservoir species. In contrast, tidally driven vertical transport has a small effect at this midlatitude location, and diurnal fluctuations in temperature are of little significance because they are small and the chemistry of K is relatively temperature independent.

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Tidal signatures in temperatures derived from daylight lidar soundings above Kühlungsborn (54°N, 12°E)

Cited by 29 publications

References 46 publications

Temporal variability of tidal and gravity waves during a record long 10-day continuous lidar sounding

Temporal variability of tidal and gravity waves during a record long 10-day continuous lidar sounding

Representation of solar tides in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere in state-of-the-art reanalyses and in satellite observations

Diurnal variation of the potassium layer in the upper atmosphere

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