Tidal Distortions in NGC1052-DF2 and NGC1052-DF4: Independent Evidence for a Lack of Dark Matter

Keim, Michael A.; Dokkum, Pieter van; Danieli, Shany; Lokhorst, Deborah; Li, Jiaxuan; Shen, Zili; Abraham, Roberto; Chen, Seery; Gilhuly, Colleen; Liu, Qing; Merritt, Allison; Miller, Tim B.; Pasha, I. I.; Polzin, Ava

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2109.09778

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The Dragonfly Telephoto Array has already shown tremendous potential for detecting extended low surface brightness phenomena (van Dokkum et al 2014;Merritt et al 2016a,b;Zhang et al 2018;Cohen et al 2018;Miller et al 2021;Keim et al 2021). However, Dragonfly has the worst seeing (FWHM ∼ 5 arcsec) and lowest resolution (2.5 per pixel) among the four surveys, which makes blending a major issue in Dragonfly data.…”

Section: Dragonfly Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaching for the Edge I: Probing the Outskirts of Massive Galaxies with HSC, DECaLS, SDSS, and Dragonfly

Li,

Huang,

Leauthaud

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The outer light (stellar halos) of massive galaxies has recently emerged as a possible low scatter tracer of dark matter halo mass. To test the robustness of outer light measurements across different data sets, we compare the surface brightness profiles of massive galaxies using four independent data sets: the Hyper Suprime-Cam survey (HSC), the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey (DECaLS), the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), and the Dragonfly Wide Field Survey (Dragonfly). We use customized pipelines for HSC and DECaLS to achieve better sky background subtraction. For galaxies at z < 0.05, Dragonfly has the best control of systematics, reaching surface brightness levels of µ r ∼ 30 mag/arcsec 2 . At 0.19 < z < 0.50, HSC can reliably recover surface brightness profiles to µ r ∼ 28.5 mag/arcsec 2 reaching R = 100 − 150 kpc. DECaLS surface brightness profiles show good agreement with HSC but are noisier at large radii. The median profiles of galaxy ensembles in both HSC and DECaLS reach R > 200 kpc without significant bias. At 0.19 < z < 0.50, DECaLS and HSC measurements of the stellar mass contained within 100 kpc agree within 0.05 dex. Finally, we use weak gravitational lensing to show that measurements of outer light with DECaLS at 0.19 < z < 0.50 show a similar promise as HSC as a low scatter proxy of halo mass. The tests and results from this paper represent an important step forward for accurate measurements of the outer light of massive galaxies and demonstrate that outer light measurements from DECam imaging will be a promising method for finding galaxy clusters for DES and DESI.

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Section: Dragonfly Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaching for the Edge I: Probing the Outskirts of Massive Galaxies with HSC, DECaLS, SDSS, and Dragonfly

Li,

Huang,

Leauthaud

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Recent works by Montes et al (2020) and Keim et al (2021) show evidence of tidal interactions in RCP 12 (NGC 1052-DF4) and RCP 29 (NGC 1052-DF2). It is compelling to explore whether this anomaly in the sizes of the LSBGs could be related to the tidal distortions caused by the central galaxy NGC 1052.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Under this hypothesis, it would be interesting to explore what makes the environment of NGC 1052 special for creating such expansion of the sizes of the LSBGs by tidal interactions but not in any other similar group of galaxies. One explanation could be that offered by Keim et al (2021), namely that the absence or deficit of dark matter in RCP 12 (NGC 1052-DF4) and RCP 29 (NGC 1052-DF2) makes them more susceptible to being tidally disturbed. However, this would lead to other problems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discovery and analysis of low-surface-brightness galaxies in the environment of NGC 1052

Román,

Castilla,

Pascual-Granado

2021

Preprint

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The environment of NGC 1052 has recently attracted much attention because of the presence of low-surface-brightness galaxies (LSBGs) with apparently "exotic" properties, making it a region of high interest for the detection of new objects. We used public deep photometric data from the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey to carry out a comprehensive search for LSBGs over a wide region of 6×6 degrees, equivalent to 2×2 Mpc at the distance of NGC 1052. We detected 42 LSBGs with r e f f > 5 arcsec and µ g (0) > 24 mag arcsec −2 , of which 20 are previously undetected objects. Among all the newly detected objects, RCP 32 stands out with extreme properties: r e f f = 23.0 arcsec and <µ g > e f f = 28.6 mag arcsec −2 . This makes RCP 32 one of the lowest surface brightness galaxies ever detected through integrated photometry, located at just 10 arcmin from the extensively studied NGC 1052-DF2. We explored the presence of globular clusters (GCs) in the LSBGs. We marginally detected a GC system in RCP 32, and argue that this LSBG is of great interest for follow-up observations given its extremely low baryon density. After analyzing the distribution of galaxies with available spectroscopy, we identified a large-scale structure of approximately 1 Mpc that is well isolated in redshift space and centered on NGC 1052. The spatial correlation analysis between the LSBGs and this large-scale structure suggests their association. However, when exploring the distribution of effective radius, we find an overpopulation of large LSBGs (r e f f > 15 arcsec) located close to the line of sight of NGC 1052. We argue that this is suggestive of a substructure with similar radial velocity in sight projection, but at a closer distance, to which some of these apparently larger LSBGs could be associated. However. possible effects derived from tidal interactions are worthy of further study. Our work expands the catalog of LSBGs with new interesting objects and provides a detailed environmental context for the study of LSBGs in this region.

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“…In fact, using NewHorizon, a high-resolution cosmological simulation, Jackson et al (2021) have demonstrated that the creation of DMDGs via this mechanism is a natural by-product of galaxy evolution in ΛCDM, and that the existence of objects such as DF2 and DF4 is therefore perfectly consistent with the standard paradigm. In addition, there is observational evidence to support the notion that DF2 and/or DF4 have indeed been influenced by strong tides (Montes et al 2020;Keim et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

On the Tidal Formation of Dark Matter Deficient Galaxies

Ogiya,

Bosch,

Burkert

2021

Preprint

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Previous studies have shown that dark matter deficient galaxies (DMDG) such as NGC1052-DF2 (hereafter DF2) can result from tidal stripping. An important question, though, is whether such a stripping scenario can explain DF2's large specific frequency of globular clusters (GCs). After all, tidal stripping and shocking preferentially remove matter from the outskirts. We examine this using idealized, high-resolution simulations of a regular dark matter dominated galaxy that is accreted onto a massive halo. As long as the initial (pre-infall) dark matter halo of the satellite is cored, which is consistent with predictions of cosmological, hydrodynamical simulations, the tidal remnant can be made to resemble DF2 in all its properties, including its GC population. The required orbit has a peri-centre at the 8.3 percentile of the distribution for subhaloes at infall, and thus is not particularly extreme. On this orbit the satellite loses 98.5 (30) percent of its original dark matter (stellar) mass, and thus evolves into a DMDG. The fraction of GCs that is stripped off depends on the initial radial distribution. If, at infall, the median projected radius of the GC population is roughly two times that of the stars, consistent with observations of isolated galaxies, only ∼ 20 percent of the GCs are stripped off. This is less than for the stars, which is due to dynamical friction counteracting the tidal stirring. We predict that, if indeed DF2 was crafted by strong tides, its stellar outskirts should have a very shallow metallicity gradient.

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Tidal Distortions in NGC1052-DF2 and NGC1052-DF4: Independent Evidence for a Lack of Dark Matter

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Reaching for the Edge I: Probing the Outskirts of Massive Galaxies with HSC, DECaLS, SDSS, and Dragonfly

Reaching for the Edge I: Probing the Outskirts of Massive Galaxies with HSC, DECaLS, SDSS, and Dragonfly

Discovery and analysis of low-surface-brightness galaxies in the environment of NGC 1052

On the Tidal Formation of Dark Matter Deficient Galaxies

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