Tidal and spatial variations of DI13C and aquatic chemistry in a temperate tidal basin during winter time

A mesocosm concept for the simulation of near-natural shallow underwater climates: The Kiel Outdoor Benthocosms (KOB)

“…Water samples for DIC analysis were filled bubble‐free into 50 mL Winkler bottles, poisoned by the addition of one drop of saturated mercury chloride (HgCl 2 ) solution and measured via coulometric titration (Johnson et al ; Winde et al ). TA samples were filtered through a 0.45 μm Minisart syringe filter (Sartorius SFCA—Surfactant‐Free Cellulose Acetate, Sartorius AG, Göttingen, Germany) and measured using a titration unit with associated sample changer (Titroline alpha plus, SI Analytical Mainz, Germany; Winde et al ). DIC and TA measurements were calibrated using certified seawater standards (Dickson, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego; Dickson et al ).…”

“…The precision in the runs presented hereafter was better than ± 2 μmol/kg for DIC and better than ± 10 μmol/kg for TA. Nutrient samples were filtered through 0.45 μm Minisart syringe filter (Sartorius SFCA, Sartorius, Göttingen, Germany) and stored frozen (−20°C) until measured using a QuAAtro nutrient analyzer (SEAL Analytical GmbH, Norderstedt, Germany; Winde et al ) were performed. Accuracy and precision were verified by replicate analyses of a solution from powdered ammonium‐, phosphate‐, and nitrate salts.…”

Effect of temperature rise and ocean acidification on growth of calcifying tubeworm shells (<i>Spirorbis spirorbis</i>): an in situ benthocosm approach

“…The pH electrode was calibrated with NBS pH-buffer solutions (4.001, 6.865) kept at in situ temperature (Winde et al, 2014(Winde et al, , 2017. The pH 9/10 buffer was avoided to prevent impact of possible CO 2 contamination under field conditions.…”

“…The accuracy and precision was routinely checked with the certified seawater standard CASS-5 as previously described (Kowlaski et al, 2012). PO 4 was also measured by spectrophotometry using a QuAAtro nutrient analyser (SEAL Analytical; Winde et al, 2014). Accuracy and precision checked by replicate analyses of a solution from powdered phosphate salts were better than 8 % RSD.…”

Porewater exchange as a driver of carbon dynamics across a terrestrial-marine transect: Insights from coupled 222Rn and pCO2 observations in the German Wadden Sea

“…Little is known about the role of groundwater and porewater in Marine Chemistry 171 (2015) [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] releasing CO 2 to surface waters and subsequent degassing to the atmosphere (Cole et al, 2007). However, several recent studies revealed significant inputs of dissolved inorganic (DIC) and organic (DOC) carbon via groundwater and porewater pathways to coastal ecosystems (Atkins et al, 2013;Cai et al, 2003;Cyronak et al, 2013;Dorsett et al, 2011;Goni and Gardner, 2003;Kim et al, 2012;Maher et al, 2013;Santos et al, 2009b;Santos et al, 2012a;Winde et al, 2014).…”