Ticks, rickettsial and erlichial infection in small mammals from Atlantic forest remnants in northeastern Brazil

Lopes, Maria Luiza Diniz de Sousa; Muñoz-Léal, Sebastián; Lima, Júlia Teresa Ribeiro de; Fournier, Gislene Fátima da Silva Rocha; Acosta, Igor da Cunha Lima; Martins, Thiago Fernandes; Ramírez, Diego García; Gennari, Solange Maria; Labruna, Marcelo Bahia

doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2018.10.001

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Our study found I. loricatus on D. aurita and D. albiventris as previously described in diverse Brazilian states such as Paraná, Rio Grande do Norte, São Paulo, and Pernambuco (21,(49)(50)(51). In the state of Pernambuco, I. loricatus was found infesting five marsupial species, including D. aurita and D. albiventris, with high infestation frequencies in these two marsupial species (50), similar to that observed in our study.…”

Section: Hosts and Ticks From Northeast Brazilian Rainforest Fragmentsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Ticks and Associated Pathogens From Rescued Wild Animals in Rainforest Fragments of Northeastern Brazil

et al. 2020

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The Ixodidae family comprises ticks that are hematophagous ectoparasites and are considered vectors of several hemoparasites from the Anaplasmataceae family and the genus Hepatozoon, Babesia, and Rickettsia. These ectoparasites parasitize domestic and wild animals belonging to several vertebrate groups. Ticks are highly adapted to different biomes and thus possess a wide geographical distribution. In the Brazilian state of Bahia, localized in the Northeast region, there are large rainforest fragments. Studies have rarely been carried out on ticks, and their hemoparasites, that parasitize wild animals in this region. Thus, this study aimed to identify the tick species parasitizing wild animals rescued in rainforest fragments of Bahia and investigate the presence of hemoparasites in tick tissues. During a 2-year period, 238 ticks were collected from 41 wild mammalians, reptiles, and amphibians. These ectoparasites were taxonomically classified according to their morphological characteristics. The ticks identified belonged to five different species from the Ixodidae family: Amblyomma varium, Amblyomma rotundatum, Amblyomma nodosum, Ixodes loricatus, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. For the first time, an A. rotundatum parasitizing the Mesoclemmys tuberculata turtle was described. PCR assays using DNA extracted from salivary glands or midgut of the ticks were performed to detect specific DNA fragments of hemoparasites from the genus Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Babesia, Hepatozoon, and from the Anaplasmataceae family. The results showed positive detection of the Rickettsia genus (7.9%), Anaplasmataceae family (15.8%), and Hepatozoon genus (15.8%). Specific DNA from the Ehrlichia and Babesia genera were not detected in these samples. Specific DNA from members of the Anaplasmataceae family was detected in A. varium for the first time. The present Fonseca et al. Ticks in Wild Animals work showed that amphibians, reptiles, and mammals from Bahia's Atlantic Forest areparasitized by different tick species, and that these ectoparasites present pathogens in their tissues that impact both humans and animals due to their zoonotic potential.

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Section: Hosts and Ticks From Northeast Brazilian Rainforest Fragmentsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Several studies have described ticks from the Amblyomma genus parasitizing reptiles, amphibians, avians, and mammalians (7,20,21). To date, 23 tick species have been identified in the Amazon region, with Amblyomma being the most prevalent genus (22).…”

Section: Hosts and Ticks From Northeast Brazilian Rainforest Fragmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ticks and Associated Pathogens From Rescued Wild Animals in Rainforest Fragments of Northeastern Brazil

et al. 2020

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“…In Brazil, several genotypes of A. phagocytophilum , A. marginale , A. bovis , A. platys , E. canis , E. chafeensis , and potential new species, that are not yet named, have been detected in different species of wild animals, including deer 5 – 11 , wild canids 12 – 14 , wild felids 12 , 15 , 16 , coatis 14 , rodents 14 , 17 – 19 , caititus and peccaries 20 , opossums 21 , 22 , and birds 23 , 24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp. in Xenarthra mammals from Brazil, with evidence of novel ‘Candidatus Anaplasma spp.’

Calchi

Vultão

Alves

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Anaplasmataceae agents are obligatory intracellular Gram-negative α-proteobacteria that are transmitted mostly by arthropod vectors. Although mammals of the Superorder Xenarthra (sloths, anteaters, and armadillos) have been implicated as reservoirs for several zoonotic agents, only few studies have sought to detect Anaplasmataceae agents in this group of mammals. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and genetic diversity of Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. in blood and spleen samples of free-living Xenarthra from four different states in Brazil (São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rondônia, and Pará). Nested and conventional PCR screening assays were performed to detect the rrs and dsb genes of Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp., respectively. The assays were positive in 27.57% (91/330) of the Anaplasma spp. and 24.54% (81/330) of the Ehrlichia spp. Of the 91 positive Anaplasma spp. samples, 56.04% were positive in a conventional PCR assay targeting the 23S–5S intergenic region. Phylogenetic and distance analyses based on the rrs gene allocated Anaplasma sequences from sloths captured in Rondônia and Pará states in a single clade, which was closely related to the A. marginale , A. ovis, and A. capra clades. The sequences detected in southern anteaters from São Paulo were allocated in a clade closely related to sequences of Anaplasma spp. detected in Nasua nasua , Leopardus pardalis , and Cerdocyon thous in Brazil. These sequences were positioned close to A. odocoilei sequences. Genotype analysis corroborated previous findings and demonstrated the circulation of two distinct Anaplasma genotypes in animals from north and southeast Brazil. The first genotype was new. The second was previously detected in N. nasua in Mato Grosso do Sul state. The intergenic region analyses also demonstrated two distinct genotypes of Anaplasma . The sequences detected in Xenarthra from Pará and Rondônia states were closely related to those in A. marginale , A. ovis, and A. capra . Anaplasma spp. sequences detected in Xenarthra from São Paulo and were allocated close to those in A. phagocytophilum . The analyses based on the dsb gene grouped the Ehrlichia spp. sequences with sequences of E. canis (São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Pará) and E. minasensis (Rondônia and Pará). The data indicate the occurrence of E....

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“…The genus Ehrlichia (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) comprises 6 formally recognized tick-transmitted species: E. canis, E. muris, E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii, E. minasensis, and E. ruminantium (2,3). Recently, other Ehrlichia species have been reported and different strains of putative novel Ehrlichia species have been molecularly detected, but their taxonomic positions are still not clearly defined (4)(5)(6). Current knowledge about this group of pathogens suggests that a large number of Ehrlichia species might be not yet described.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several recent studies conducted in South America reported finding novel ehrlichial agents infecting jaguars, horses, crab-eating foxes, opossums, sloths, and peccaries (6). Unfortunately, only short dsb sequences are available for those ehrlichiae from South America.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Ehrlichia Strain Infecting Cattle Tick Amblyomma neumanni, Argentina, 2018

Fargnoli¹,

Fernández²,

Monje³

2020

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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In 2018, we detected a novel Ehrlichia strain infecting Amblyomma neumanni ticks in Argentina. The novel strain is phylogenetically related to the ruminant pathogen E. ruminantium and represents a potential risk for veterinary and public health because A. neumanni ticks parasitize domestic and wild ruminants and bite humans. Sources 1. Almeida JD, Tyrrell DA. The morphology of three previously uncharacterized human respiratory viruses that grow in organ culture.

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Ticks, rickettsial and erlichial infection in small mammals from Atlantic forest remnants in northeastern Brazil

Cited by 32 publications

References 41 publications

Ticks and Associated Pathogens From Rescued Wild Animals in Rainforest Fragments of Northeastern Brazil

Ticks and Associated Pathogens From Rescued Wild Animals in Rainforest Fragments of Northeastern Brazil

Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp. in Xenarthra mammals from Brazil, with evidence of novel ‘Candidatus Anaplasma spp.’

Novel Ehrlichia Strain Infecting Cattle Tick Amblyomma neumanni, Argentina, 2018

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