Tick surveillance for Borrelia miyamotoi and phylogenetic analysis of isolates in Mongolia and Japan

Iwabu-Itoh, Yukie; Boldbaatar, Bazartseren; Naranbaatar, Oyunnomin; Yondonjamts, Enkhmandakh; Furuno, Kiwa; Lee, Kyunglee; Sato, Kozue; Kawabata, Hiroki; Takada, Nobuhiro; Andoh, Masako; Kobayashi, Hiroko; Oikawa, Yosaburo; Nakao, Minoru; Ohnishi, Makoto; Watarai, Masahisa; Shimoda, Hiroshi; Maeda, Ken; Takano, Ai

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.06.011

Cited by 29 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Subsequently it was discovered to be occurring sympatrically with B. burgdorferi sensu lato in several Ixodes species that also transmit Lyme disease spirochetes. These included Ixodes persulcatus in Eurasia [2][3][4][5][6][7], I. scapularis [8][9][10][11] and I. pacificus [12][13][14][15] in North America, and I. ricinus in Europe [16][17][18][19][20]. The prevalence of B. miyamotoi in ticks was found to be usually lower than that of B. burgdorferi s.l.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole genome sequencing of Borrelia miyamotoi isolate Izh-4: reference for a complex bacterial genome

Kuleshov

Margos²,

Fingerle³

et al. 2020

BMC Genomics

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Background: The genus Borrelia comprises spirochaetal bacteria maintained in natural transmission cycles by tick vectors and vertebrate reservoir hosts. The main groups are represented by a species complex including the causative agents of Lyme borreliosis and relapsing fever group Borrelia. Borrelia miyamotoi belongs to the relapsing fever group of spirochetes and forms distinct populations in North America, Asia, and Europe. As all Borrelia species B. miyamotoi possess an unusual and complex genome consisting of a linear chromosome and a number of linear and circular plasmids. The species is considered an emerging human pathogen and an increasing number of human cases are being described in the Northern hemisphere. The aim of this study was to produce a high quality reference genome that will facilitate future studies into genetic differences between different populations and the genome plasticity of B. miyamotoi. Results: We used multiple available sequencing methods, including Pacific Bioscience single-molecule real-time technology (SMRT) and Oxford Nanopore technology (ONT) supplemented with highly accurate Illumina sequences, to explore the suitability for whole genome assembly of the Russian B. miyamotoi isolate, Izh-4. Plasmids were typed according to their potential plasmid partitioning genes (PF32, 49, 50, 57/62). Comparing and combining results of both long-read (SMRT and ONT) and short-read methods (Illumina), we determined that the genome of the isolate Izh-4 consisted of one linear chromosome, 12 linear and two circular plasmids. Whilst the majority of plasmids had corresponding contigs in the Asian B. miyamotoi isolate FR64b, there were only four that matched plasmids of the North American isolate CT13-2396, indicating differences between B. miyamotoi populations. Several plasmids, e.g. lp41, lp29, lp23, and lp24, were found to carry variable major proteins. Amongst those were variable large proteins (Vlp) subtype Vlp-α, Vlp-γ, Vlp-δ and also Vlp-β. Phylogenetic analysis of common plasmids types showed the uniqueness in Russian/Asian isolates of B. miyamotoi compared to other isolates. Conclusions: We here describe the genome of a Russian B. miyamotoi clinical isolate, providing a solid basis for future comparative genomics of B. miyamotoi isolates. This will be a great impetus for further basic, molecular and epidemiological research on this emerging tick-borne pathogen.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole genome sequencing of Borrelia miyamotoi isolate Izh-4: reference for a complex bacterial genome

Kuleshov

Margos²,

Fingerle³

et al. 2020

BMC Genomics

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“…In some countries, such as Mongolia, where relatively high levels of tick infections with B. miyamotoi (4.5%; 48/1,069 I. persulcatus ) have been detected, no human cases were reported [10]. This was similar in the town of Hannover, Germany, where a tick-infection prevalence of 8.9% (45/505 I. ricinus ticks) was reported but no infections in people [20].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…This spirochaete has been recorded in Canada as well on the east and west coasts of the United States (US). It has also been observed in numerous European countries (including the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden and Switzerland) as well as in Russia through to Japan [3,10,14,15].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new Borrelia on the block: Borrelia miyamotoi – a human health risk?

et al. 2019

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Background Borrelia miyamotoi clusters phylogenetically among relapsing fever borreliae, but is transmitted by hard ticks. Recent recognition as a human pathogen has intensified research into its ecology and pathogenic potential. Aims We aimed to provide a timely critical integrative evaluation of our knowledge on B. miyamotoi , to assess its public health relevance and guide future research. Methods This narrative review used peer-reviewed literature in English from January 1994 to December 2018. Results Borrelia miyamotoi occurs in the world’s northern hemisphere where it co-circulates with B. burgdorferi sensu lato, which causes Lyme disease. The two borreliae have overlapping vertebrate and tick hosts. While ticks serve as vectors for both species, they are also reservoirs for B. miyamotoi . Three B. miyamotoi genotypes are described, but further diversity is being recognised. The lack of sufficient cultivable isolates and vertebrate models compromise investigation of human infection and its consequences. Our understanding mainly originates from limited case series. In these, human infections mostly present as influenza-like illness, with relapsing fever in sporadic cases and neurological disease reported in immunocompromised patients. Unspecific clinical presentation, also occasionally resulting from Lyme- or other co-infections, complicates diagnosis, likely contributing to under-reporting. Diagnostics mainly employ PCR and serology. Borrelia miyamotoi infections are treated with antimicrobials according to regimes used for Lyme disease. Conclusions With co-infection of tick-borne pathogens being commonplace, diagnostic improvements remain important. Developing in vivo models might allow more insight into human pathogenesis. Continued ecological and human case studies are key to better epidemiological understanding, guiding intervention strategies.

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“…and Borrelia spp. were detected in Mongolian ticks (Fomenko et al 2009;Scholz et al 2013;Masuzawa et al 2014;Iwabu-Itoh et al 2017;Javkhlan et al 2014), livestock (Papageorgiou et al 2012;Karnath et al 2016;Ochirkhuu et al 2017) and humans (Walder et al 2006;von Fricken et al 2018). Piroplasms were detected in ticks (Battsetseg et al 2001(Battsetseg et al , 2002Boldbaatar et al 2005;Tuvshintulga et al 2015Tuvshintulga et al , 2016Karnath et al 2016), livestock (Avarzed et al 1997;Ruegg et al 2007;Altangerel et al 2011Altangerel et al , 2012Sivakumar et al 2012;Munkhjargal et al 2013;Yoshinari et al 2013) and humans (Hong et al 2014) in Mongolia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some aspects on tick species in Mongolia and their potential role in the transmission of equine piroplasms, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi L.

et al. 2018

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Ticks are cosmopolitan vectors of numerous diseases, and detection of various pathogens in ticks can help to assess their distribution. In the current study, 528 adult ticks were collected from grazing animals or the ground in ten different Mongolian provinces. Dermacentor nuttalli constituted 76.1% of them and was found in all ecozones except the eastern desert. Dermacentor marginatus (8.3%), Dermacentor silvarum (1.1%) and Ixodes persulcatus (3.0%) were found in the northern forest areas and Hyalomma asiaticum (11.4%) only in the southern (semi-)desert. Of these, 359 ticks were subjected to DNA extraction and PCR was carried out to detect various pathogens. Anaplasma spp. was found in D. marginatus and D. nuttalli (2.5% positive each), including flagged specimen and identified as Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Borrelia spp. were found in 2.5% of the ticks (mostly in I. persulcatus) and identified as Borrelia garinii. Babesia spp. (40%) identified as Babesia caballi were detected in all five tick species including flagged Dermacentor spp. and I. persulcatus, and 3.5% of the ticks (all species except D. silvarum) were positive for Theileria spp. identified as Theileria equi. The piroplasms were found in all provinces. Tick-borne encephalitis virus was not detected. The results highlight the high risk of equine piroplasmosis in Mongolia, which is a concern for both the nomadic population who rely on horses for transport and for conservation of Przewalski's horses in Mongolia. In addition, zoonotic agents such as the avian B. garinii and A. phagocytophilum were also detected, outlining a high risk for exposed humans.

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Tick surveillance for Borrelia miyamotoi and phylogenetic analysis of isolates in Mongolia and Japan

Cited by 29 publications

References 45 publications

Whole genome sequencing of Borrelia miyamotoi isolate Izh-4: reference for a complex bacterial genome

Whole genome sequencing of Borrelia miyamotoi isolate Izh-4: reference for a complex bacterial genome

A new Borrelia on the block: Borrelia miyamotoi – a human health risk?

Some aspects on tick species in Mongolia and their potential role in the transmission of equine piroplasms, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi L.

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