Tick-Borne Meningoencephalomyelitis in Sweden

Zeipel, GerolfVon; Svedmyr, Arne; Holmgren, B; Lindahl, Jonas

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(58)92595-9

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…microti Franca (Tambs-Lyche 1943a, 1959;Wiger 1978Wiger , 1979Wahlgren et al 1984;Christensson 1989); tularemia, caused by Francisella tularensis (McCoy & Chapin) (Olin 1942, Berglund 1965, Pearson 1975, Ljung 1988; Lyme borreliosis, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt & Brenner (Asbrink 1985;Stiernstedt 1985;Hovmark et al 1988;Jaenson 1988Jaenson , 1991Jaenson et al 1989;Gustafson et al 1990); Ehrlichia phagocytophila (Foggie) (Christensson 1989); and several viroses (Tambs- Lyche 1959;Saikku 1974;Saikku & Brummer-Korvenkontio 1975;Traavik & Mehl 1975Traavik 1979;Saikku et al 1980;Mehl & Traavik 1983;Brummer-Korvenkontio et al 1984;Jaenson 1988) including the Central European form of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) (von Zeipel et al 1958;Brinck et al 1965Brinck et al , 1967Traavik et al 1978;Holmgren & Forsgren 1989, 1990 Jaenson 1988]).…”

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confidence: 99%

Geographical Distribution, Host Associations, and Vector Roles of Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae, Argasidae) in Sweden

Jaenson¹,

Tälleklint²,

Lundqvist³

et al. 1994

Journal of Medical Entomology

179

199

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This review covers the geographic distribution and host relationships of the tick species in Sweden. Ixodes uriae White, I. caledonicus Nuttall, I. unicavatus Neumann, I. arboricola Schulze & Schlottke, and I. lividus Koch are ornithophagous species. I. trianguliceps Birula, I. canisuga Johnston, I. hexagonus Leach, and Argas vespertilionis (Latreille) are mammalophagous. I. ricinus (L.) and Haemaphysalis punctata Canestrini & Fanzago feed on both birds and mammals. All these tick species may be considered to be permanently present in Sweden. I. persulcatus Schulze, Hyalomma marginatum Koch, and the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille), may be regarded as not indigenous to Sweden although they may be regularly introduced by spring-migrating birds or imported dogs, respectively. The first European record of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), is reported. There are several records of Hyalomma aegyptium (L.) from imported tortoises in Sweden. Excluding other ticks imported on exotic pets and zoo animals, another 13 tick species are listed that may occur, at least occasionally, in Sweden. Because of its wide geographic distribution, great abundance, and wide host range, I. ricinus is medically the most important arthropod in northern Europe. I. ricinus is common in southern and south-central Sweden and along the coast of northern Sweden and has been recorded from 29 mammal species, 56 bird species, and two species of lizards in Sweden alone. The potential introduction to Sweden of exotic pathogens with infected ticks (e.g., I. persulcatus and H. marginatum on birds or Dermacentor spp. and R. sanguineus on mammals) is evident.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical Distribution, Host Associations, and Vector Roles of Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae, Argasidae) in Sweden

Jaenson¹,

Tälleklint²,

Lundqvist³

et al. 1994

Journal of Medical Entomology

179

199

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“…We have not found publications on antibody screenings of unselected humans in Sweden, but the very high rate of bovine reactors (43%) in southeastern Sweden gives the impression of strong virus foci (3 I). Human C N S disease due to TBE is well documented in both Sweden (20,30) and Finland (14, 17, 32). It would seem that Norway has active TBE foci of at least the same potency as in the endemic parts of the neighbouring countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibodies to Tick‐Borne Encephalitis Virus in Human Sera from the Western Coast of Norway

Traavik¹

1979

Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section B Microbio

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Sera from 341 individuals living in the distribution area of the tick Ixodes recinus were tested for tick‐borne encephalitis (TBE) antibodies by HAI and gel diffusion. Kaolin treatment was unreliable for the removal of non‐specific HAI inhibitors. Seven sera positive after this treatment were shown to be negative after acetone extraction/flotation centrifugation. The antibody prevalence rate was 19.6%. Seventy‐one % of the sera had titres > 40. The prevalence rate decreased with age. Some sera with low HAI titres could be confirmed by a sensitive Ouchterlony technique, while some with high titres could not, even after ten‐fold concentration. Clinical information obtained retrospectively regarding patients with high antibody titres revealed some cases consistent with a TBE virus infection. Antibody prevalence rates indicate that TBE virus is more active than Uukuniemi and Kemorovo group virus in tick‐infested areas. Mixed foci of these viruses have been indicated by serological findings and virus isolations.

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“…In a previous study, we found that TBE patients suffered from significantly more tiredness/fatigue than a matched control group, and that the sleep-related quality of life measured by self-assessment with the Functional Outcome of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ) affected their social life [ 7 ]. Several other studies have presented self-reported sleep disturbances [ 6 , 8 – 10 ], and post infectious fatigue [ 6 , 8 , 11 , 12 ] after TBE, but the cause of these symptoms has not been sufficiently clarified. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which is a common cause of excessive daytime sleepiness and impaired sleep-related functional outcomes [ 13 ] has yet not been investigated among adults with a history of TBE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep architecture, obstructive sleep apnea and functional outcomes in adults with a history of Tick-borne encephalitis

et al. 2021

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Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a widespread viral infection of the central nervous system with increasing incidence in Europe and northern Asia. Post-infectious sequelae are frequent, and patients with TBE commonly experience long-term fatigue and subjective sleep disturbances. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may be a contributing factor, and objective sleep studies with polysomnography (PSG) are lacking. Forty-two adults, 22 TBE patients (cases), diagnosed in Region Västra Götaland, Sweden, between 2012 and 2015, and 20 controls without a known TBE history, underwent an overnight PSG, respectively. All participants responded to questionnaires. The cases and controls were similar regarding age, sex, obesity, concomitant diseases, smoking, and alcohol habits. Despite similar PSG characteristics such as total sleep time and OSA severity indices, the TBE cases reported statistically more sleep-related functional impairment on the Functional Outcome of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ) compared with the controls (median scores 18.1 vs. 19.9; p<0.05). In a multivariate analysis, TBE correlated significantly with the lower FOSQ scores (unstandardized β −1.80 [%95 confidence interval −3.02 - −0.58]; p = 0.005) independent of age, sex, total sleep time and apnea-hypopnea-index. TBE cases with OSA reported the lowest scores on the FOSQ compared with the other subgroups with TBE or OSA alone, and the ones with neither TBE nor OSA. TBE is associated with impaired functional outcomes, in which concomitant OSA may worsen the subjective symptoms. Further studies are warranted to determine the effect of treatment of concomitant OSA on functional outcomes with regard to optimal rehabilitation of TBE.

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Tick-Borne Meningoencephalomyelitis in Sweden

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

Geographical Distribution, Host Associations, and Vector Roles of Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae, Argasidae) in Sweden

Geographical Distribution, Host Associations, and Vector Roles of Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae, Argasidae) in Sweden

Antibodies to Tick‐Borne Encephalitis Virus in Human Sera from the Western Coast of Norway

Sleep architecture, obstructive sleep apnea and functional outcomes in adults with a history of Tick-borne encephalitis

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