Tick-borne haemoparasitic diseases in small ruminants in Pakistan: Current knowledge and future perspectives

Khan, Adil; Muhammed, Arif Ahmed; Nasreen, Nasreen; Cossío-Bayúgar, Raquel; sheikh, Sajjad ali; Alanazi, Abdullah D.; Zając, Zbigniew

doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.046

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The industry accounts for over 20% of the GDP and employs approximately 38.5% of the workforce (Ministry of Finance, 2021). Furthermore, livestock has evolved as a sub-sector of agriculture, accounting for about 60% of agricultural value addition and around 11.5% of overall GDP (Khan et al, 2022b;Khan, 2022). According to Willer et al (2018), the total agricultural land in Pakistan in 2016 was 45'299 ha compared to 22'397 ha in 2012, out of which the organic share was 0.1%, with only 111 certified producers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What drives attitude, purchase intention and consumer buying behavior toward organic food? A self-determination theory and theory of planned behavior perspective

Khan

Hameed

Akram

2022

BFJ

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PurposeThe current study aims to investigate the impact of various types of motivational factors on consumers' behavior regarding the purchase and consumption of organic food. A favorable attitude among consumers may translate into positive purchase intention and actual buying behavior. For this, variables have been extracted from well-established theories, i.e. self-determination theory (SDT) and theory of planned behavior (TPB), to address the issue more proficiently.Design/methodology/approachA self Administered close-ended questionnaire was distributed to twelve hundred and sixty-five consumers using purposive sampling technique. Seven hundred and eighty-seven responses were retained after preliminary analysis. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied using SmartPLS 3 to analyze validity and reliability. Furthermore, 5,000 boot-strapping method was used to test hypotheses.FindingsThe findings of the study suggested that two of the SDT variables [external regulations (ER) and integrated regulation (IR)] lead to a significant impact on “consumers” attitudes, while the effects of intrinsic motivation (IM) and introjected regulation (INR) appeared to be insignificant. All the variables extracted from TPB (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, purchase intention, and buying behavior) appeared to have a significant impact, while the trust was found to moderate the relationship between attitude (ATT) and purchase intention (PI). Moreover, the values of Q-square depicted that the combined model had more predictive relevance (BB = 0.153; PI = 0.211), as compared to the TPB model (BB = 0.147; PI = 0.186).Originality/valueMarketers can make use of the study's findings to develop marketing strategies by considering particularly extrinsic motivational influences. Hence, advertising could be used to emphasize extrinsic benefits such as increasing individual self-esteem through social status (positive consequences) and appealing to consumers' desire for communal or societal approval. Such campaigns should also consider external regulatory factors, such as the fear of having hazardous effects on the individual's health due to the use of inorganic and processed food. Furthermore, policymakers can develop a sense of trust in the legitimacy of organic labeling by educating consumers about various organic certifications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What drives attitude, purchase intention and consumer buying behavior toward organic food? A self-determination theory and theory of planned behavior perspective

Khan

Hameed

Akram

2022

BFJ

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“…Khan et al. ( 2022 ) attributed the lack of reports on babesiosis in small ruminants from Pakistan to insufficient numbers of undertaken studies as well as unknown status of Rhipicephalus microplus as a globally reported vector of babesiosis in the country. By the same token, the low prevalence rates of Babesia ovis in a Mediterranean Island was ascribed to the low numbers of the relevant vector Rhipicephalus bursa (Saratsis et al., 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our study revealed the risk of theileriosis in small ruminants given the widespread distribution and abundance of both Hyalomma marginatum and Rhipicephalus turanicus as potent vectors in Zarrin Dasht County. Khan et al (2022) attributed the lack of reports on babesiosis in small ruminants from Pakistan to insufficient numbers of undertaken studies as well as unknown status of Rhipicephalus microplus as a globally reported vector of babesiosis in the country. By the same token, the low prevalence rates of Babesia ovis in a Mediterranean Island was ascribed to the low numbers of the relevant vector Rhipicephalus bursa (Saratsis et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection and characterisation of Theileria in hard ticks of small ruminants in Zarrin Dasht County, Southern Iran

Norouzi

Dayer

Ghaffarifar

2022

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background Ticks are important ectoparasites of small ruminants in tropics and subtropics including Iran. They transmit serious zoonotic pathogens such as Babesia and Theileria . These parasites cause major burden on small ruminants jeopardising livelihoods of rural people in Zarrin Dasht County. Objectives This study was carried out to investigate the diversity and distribution of hard ticks of small ruminants and their piroplasm infection in a bid to contribute to Theileria and/or Babesia detection and control in Zarrin Dasht County of Fars province, Iran. Methods We examined 751 sheep and goats from 10 sites of the County during four seasons for hard tick infestation. The collected hard ticks (994) were taxonomically identified before being separately confined in microtubes coded to indicate their species and host animals as well as site and date of collection. In total 50 pooled samples were analysed by PCR technique for Theileria and Babesia infection. Results The identified ticks included Hyalomma marginatum 994/362); 36.4%), Rhipicephalus turanicus 994/352); 35.51%), Hyalomma anatolicum 994/264); 26.6%), Hyalomma dromedarii 994/14); 1.41%) and Hyalomma asiaticum 994/2) 0.2%). Molecular analyses showed that 7 out of 50 pooled sample were infected with piroplasm genome in ticks shared by Theileria ovis (6:50) and Theileria lestoquardi (1:50). Babesia was absent in collected hard ticks. Conclusions This is the first report on the presence of piroplasm infection in hard ticks of small ruminants in Zarrin Dasht County. Theileria ovis was more prevalent than Theileria lestoquardi but Babesia was absent. Piroplasm infection was detected in Hyalomma marginatum , Hyalomma anatolicum and Rhipicephalus turanicus . Hyalomma marginatum appears to be more competent to vector Theileria spp. This study may contribute to risk assessment and prevention of epizootic theileriosis in the County.

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“…Ruminants are highly vulnerable to tick-borne pathogens. The most commonly reported diseases are anaplasmosis, theileriosis, and piroplasmosis, which affect the reproductive status of the livestock population (Saeed et al, 2015 ; Sajid et al, 2017 ; Khan et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-borne Rickettsia, Anaplasma, Theileria, and enzootic nasal tumor virus in ruminant, PET, and poultry animals in Pakistan

Jamil,

Yu,

Wang

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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IntroductionPakistan is an agricultural country; most of its income is based on livestock rearing. The increasing prevalence of tick-borne pathogens among animals may affect the animal production and livelihood of owners, which eventually derange the economy of a country.MethodologyTo further comprehend TBPs, 213 ticks were collected from different animals, including ruminants, pets, and poultry. After molecular and phylogenetic analysis identification, ticks were managed into different pools based on their species level (Hyalomma anatolicum = 80, Rhipicephalus microplus = 35, Hyalomma scupense = 23, Rhipicephalus turanicus = 70, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus = 5).Results and discussionAfter tick species identification, further molecular PCR amplification was carried out to screen out the pathogens for the presence of Theileria, Rickettsia, Anaplasma, and enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV). The following pathogens were detected: 11 (5.16%) for Anaplasma, 1 (0.47%) for Rickettsia, and 9 (4.23%) for Theileria. Nevertheless, other TBPs that had not been reported so far in Pakistan 3 (1.41%), were positive for enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV). Besides, phylogenetic analysis of the enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV) strain confirmed its resemblance to the Chinese strain, while Anaplasma has comparability with Pakistan and China, Rickettsia with Pakistan, China, and Iran, and Theileria with India, South Africa, United States, Japan, and Spain.ConclusionThis study reveals that there is a considerably wider range of TBPs held in Pakistan that take in various contagious zoonotic pathogens than was previously thought. This information advances TBP epidemiology and will contribute to upgrade future control measure.

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Tick-borne haemoparasitic diseases in small ruminants in Pakistan: Current knowledge and future perspectives

Cited by 16 publications

References 65 publications

What drives attitude, purchase intention and consumer buying behavior toward organic food? A self-determination theory and theory of planned behavior perspective

What drives attitude, purchase intention and consumer buying behavior toward organic food? A self-determination theory and theory of planned behavior perspective

Molecular detection and characterisation of Theileria in hard ticks of small ruminants in Zarrin Dasht County, Southern Iran

Tick-borne Rickettsia, Anaplasma, Theileria, and enzootic nasal tumor virus in ruminant, PET, and poultry animals in Pakistan

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