Tick-Borne Fever

Gordon, W. S.; Brownlee, A.; Wilson, D.R.; MacLeod, John

doi:10.1016/s0368-1742(32)80025-1

Cited by 85 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…At the peak of rickettsemia on days 6-9 after inoculation, 6.6% of granulocytes from C3H mice, compared with 11% of those from the splenectomized CD-1 mice, contained ehrlichiae in various stages of development. The variety of forms (small rings, doublets, dividing doublets, and classical morulae) possibly represents a cycle of replication (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4; unpublished data). Analysis of 16S (small subunit) rDNA sequences indicates that the pathogen is closely related to Ehrlichia phagocytophila and Ehrlichia equi (5), the agents of tick-borne fever (6) and equine ehrlichiosis (7), respectively. This infection has been designated as human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) because of the restriction of morulae to polymorphonuclear leukocytes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Perpetuation of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in a deer tick-rodent cycle.

Telford

Dawson

Katavolos

et al. 1996

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

459

371

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Propagation of the Agent of HGE. Blood (EDTA anticoagulated) was obtained from a Nantucket patient with HGE whose infection was confirmed by blood smear and sequencing of a 16S rDNA amplification product (8), and 0.5 ml was inoculated i.p. into a splenectomized CD-1 mouse. Buffy coat preparations (equivalent to 1 ml of whole blood, centrifuged at 2500 x g for 10 min) were inoculated i.p. into two intact C3H/HeJ mice. Plasma (0.5 ml) was inoculated into one C3H/HeJ mouse as well. To determine whether ehrlichiae were present in the peripheral blood, thin blood smears were taken from the tails of rodents, dried, fixed for 2 min in absolute methanol, and stained with 1 ml Giemsa stock (Harleco Original Azure Blend; EM Diagnostic Systems, Princeton, NJ) diluted in 40 ml distilled water with 150 ptl of 0.5% Na2CO3 and 1.25 ml methanol for 1 hr or more (9

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perpetuation of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in a deer tick-rodent cycle.

Telford

Dawson

Katavolos

et al. 1996

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

459

371

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“…First documented HGA case in Europe was reported by Petrovec et al 1997 in Slovenia. Anaplasmosis in domestic ruminants is also called tick-borne fever and has been mentioned in 1932 (Gordon et al 1932). HGA agent is maintained in nature in a tick-ruminant-rodent cycle.…”

Section: Anaplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection ofAnaplasma phagocytophilumandBorrelia burgdorferiSensu Lato in Dogs in the Czech Republic

Kybicová

Schánilec

Hulínská

et al. 2009

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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The aim of this study is to present molecular, serologic, and clinical findings for dogs that were naturally infected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum or Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s. l.) in the Czech Republic. This data can provide information relevant to human infection. In total, blood samples from 296 dogs and 118 engorged ticks were examined. Samples were tested for A. phagocytophilum using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, nested PCR, and direct sequencing of the 16S rDNA, and for B. burgdorferi s. l. using PCR amplification of the 16S rDNA and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 5S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer. In addition, blood samples were screened for antibodies to these bacteria. Ten (3.4%) dogs were PCR-positive for A. phagocytophilum. Morulae of A. phagocytophilum in granulocytes were found in two of these dogs. Nine of the PCR-positive dogs had clinical signs related to anaplasmosis. Statistically significant differences in the PCR detection rates were found between breeds and between symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs. Infection with Borrelia garinii was detected by PCR in a dog with meningoencephalitis. DNA of A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi s. l. (B. garinii or Borrelia afzelii) was detected in 8.5% and 6.8% of ticks, respectively. Immunoglobulin (Ig) G seropositivity to A. phagocytophilum was 26%. Significant differences were found with respect to breed and gender. IgM and IgG antibodies to B. burgdorferi s. l. were detected in 2.4% and 10.3% of dogs, respectively. Our findings suggest that the exposure to B. burgdorferi s. l. exists in dogs in the Czech Republic, and exposure to A. phagocytophilum is common.

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“…5,9 In addition, the HGE agent produces a disease in the horse similar from that caused by E. equi 10 and infection of horses with the agent of HGE confers resistance to E. equi challenge. 11 The causative agent of tick-borne fever was first discovered in Scotland in 1932; 12 however, the disease has probably been recorded in sheep for more than 200 years in Norway. 13 The disease is characterized by fever, leukopenia, marked neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparative pathology, and immunohistology associated with clinical illness after Ehrlichia phagocytophila-group infections.

Lépidi

Bunnell

Martin

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

133

112

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Abstract. The Ehrlichia phagocytophila-group also includes E. equi and the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) agent that are probably a single species. Disease is mild to severe illness in ruminants, horses, and humans, but the comparative pathology and ehrlichial distribution in tissues is poorly described. We compared pathology and ehrlichial distribution in humans with HGE, horses with E. equi infection, and a sheep with E. phagocytophila infection. Frequent findings included splenic lymphoid depletion, small macrophage aggregates and apoptoses in liver, and paracortical hyperplasia in lymph nodes. Bone marrow was normocellular or hypercellular. Only the spleen was frequently infected; other organs with infected cells included lung, liver, heart, and kidney, but lesions were present in lung and liver only. Most infected cells were neutrophils. Ehrlichia phagocytophila-group infections are associated with moderate tissue damage. While the pathogenesis of granulocytic ehrlichiosis is not clear, pathologic studies suggest that the process is initiated by ehrlichia-infected cells but may result from host-mediated injury and immunosuppression.Ehrlichioses are rickettsial infections that occur in animals and humans and are caused by microorganisms of the genus Ehrlichia. The genus Ehrlichia belongs to the family Rickettsiaceae and consists of small obligatory intracellular bacteria that average 0.5-1.5 m in length, which proliferate in vacuoles in the cytoplasm of leukocytes and other cells of bone marrow or mesodermal origin. 1 The Ehrlichia phagocytophila-group includes E. phagocytophila, E. equi, and the human granulocytic ehrlichia. The prototype for the E. phagocytophila genogroup (a cluster of closely related bacteria based upon gene sequences) is E. phagocytophila, a European pathogen of ruminant neutrophils that causes tick-borne fever in sheep, goats, and cattle. 2 Ehrlichia equi is an agent of both equine and canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis.3,4 Homology of the 16S ribosomal DNA of these organisms, as well as that of the newly identified agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE), is more than 99.8%.5-8 These species are phylogenetically and antigenically very similar. 5,9 In addition, the HGE agent produces a disease in the horse similar from that caused by E. equi 10 and infection of horses with the agent of HGE confers resistance to E. equi challenge. 11 The causative agent of tick-borne fever was first discovered in Scotland in 1932; 12 however, the disease has probably been recorded in sheep for more than 200 years in Norway. 13 The disease is characterized by fever, leukopenia, marked neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. 14 Equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis has been a recognized disease of horses in California since the 1960s.15 Clinical manifestations include fever, lethargy, anorexia, distal limb edema, petechiation, icterus, ataxia, reluctance to move, and thrombocytopenia. 16 Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis is a recently described disease characterized by fever, headache, myalgia, chills, va...

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Tick-Borne Fever

Cited by 85 publications

References 0 publications

Perpetuation of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in a deer tick-rodent cycle.

Perpetuation of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in a deer tick-rodent cycle.

Detection ofAnaplasma phagocytophilumandBorrelia burgdorferiSensu Lato in Dogs in the Czech Republic

Comparative pathology, and immunohistology associated with clinical illness after Ehrlichia phagocytophila-group infections.

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