Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus RNA Found in Frozen Goat’s Milk in a Family Outbreak

Mylonaki, Eirini; Seiberl, Michael; Jones, Neil D.; Bernhard, Heike; Otto, Ferdinand; Pilz, Georg; Trinka, Eugen; Wipfler, Peter

doi:10.3390/ijms231911632

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In the case of alimentary infection, clinical courses could be monophasic or biphasic, with flu-like symptoms and high temperature in the first and second phases, respectively [ 31 ]. The history revealed that both described cases had a biphasic course similar to the case report of family outbreak in Austria [ 32 ]. In 2019, a cluster of five patients hospitalized due to tick-borne encephalitis after consuming unpasteurized goat milk was reported in Croatia [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

The Consumption of Raw Goat Milk Resulted in TBE in Patients in Poland, 2022 “Case Report”

et al. 2023

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The alimentary route is the second most important route of tick-borne encephalitis infection. In Poland, the last TBE case due to the consumption of unpasteurized milk or dairy products of infected animals was recorded in 2017 as the fourth documented outbreak of TBEV infection in the country. In this study, two patients infected with TBEV through consumption of unpasteurized goat’s milk from one source are described from a cluster of eight cases. In August and September 2022, a 63- and 67-year-old woman were hospitalized at the Infectious Diseases Clinic of the Institute of Rural Health (Lublin, Poland). The patients denied been recently bitten by a tick, and neither had been vaccinated against TBEV. The disease had a biphasic course. In the first case, the patient suffered from a fever, spine pain, and muscle weakness and paresis of the lower left limb. The second patient suffered from fever, vertigo, headaches, abdominal pain, and diarrhoea. The results of IgM and IgG antibodies were positive in both cases. After three weeks hospitalization, the patients were discharged in good condition. In one case, slight hearing impairment was observed. Vaccination and avoiding the consumption of unpasteurized milk remain the most effective ways to prevent tick-borne encephalitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

The Consumption of Raw Goat Milk Resulted in TBE in Patients in Poland, 2022 “Case Report”

et al. 2023

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“…However, food-borne transmission has also been regularly reported in Eastern and Central Europe after consumption of unpasteurized dairy products from infected domestic ungulates [3]. Food-borne outbreaks mainly occur in clusters [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Most cases are associated with raw dairy products from goats [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of cattle to tick-borne encephalitis virus in the historical endemic zone in north-eastern France

Mathews-Martin,

Gonzalez,

Dheilly

et al. 2024

BMC Vet Res

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Background Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a severe human neuroinfection caused by TBE virus (TBEV). TBEV is transmitted by tick bites and by the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products from infected asymptomatic ruminants. In France, several food-borne transmission events have been reported since 2020, raising the question of the level of exposure of domestic ungulates to TBEV. In this study, our objectives were (i) to estimate TBEV seroprevalence and quantify antibodies titres in cattle in the historical endemic area of TBEV in France using the micro virus neutralisation test (MNT) and (ii) to compare the performance of two veterinary cELISA kits with MNT for detecting anti-TBEV antibodies in cattle in various epidemiological contexts. A total of 344 cattle sera from four grid cells of 100 km² in Alsace-Lorraine (endemic region) and 84 from western France, assumed to be TBEV-free, were investigated. Results In Alsace-Lorraine, cattle were exposed to the virus with an overall estimated seroprevalence of 57.6% (95% CI: 52.1–62.8%, n = 344), varying locally from 29.9% (95% CI: 21.0–40.0%) to 92.1% (95% CI: 84.5–96.8%). Seroprevalence did not increase with age, with one- to three-year-old cattle being as highly exposed as older ones, suggesting a short-life duration of antibodies. The proportion of sera with MNT titres lower than 1:40 per grid cell decreased with increased seroprevalence. Both cELISA kits showed high specificity (> 90%) and low sensitivity (less than 78.1%) compared with MNT. Sensitivity was lower for sera with neutralising antibodies titres below 1:40, suggesting that sensitivity of these tests varied with local virus circulation intensity. Conclusions Our results highlight that cattle were highly exposed to TBEV. Screening strategy and serological tests should be carefully chosen according to the purpose of the serological study and with regard to the limitations of each method.

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“…Food-borne outbreaks mainly occur in clusters (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Most cases are associated with raw dairy products from goats (13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of cattle to tick-borne encephalitis virus in the historical endemic zone in north-eastern France

Mathews-Martin,

Gonzalez,

Dheilly

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a severe human neuroinfection caused by TBE virus (TBEV). TBEV is transmitted by tick bites and by the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products from infected asymptomatic ruminants. In France, several food-borne transmission events have been reported since 2020, raising the question of the level of exposure of domestic ungulates to TBEV. In this study, our objectives were (i) to estimate TBEV seroprevalence and quantify antibodies titres in cattle in the historical endemic area of TBEV in France using the micro virus neutralisation test (MNT) and (ii) to compare the performance of two veterinary cELISA kits with MNT for detecting anti-TBEV antibodies in cattle in various epidemiological contexts. A total of 344 cattle sera from four grid cells of 100 km² in Alsace-Lorraine (endemic region) and 84 from western France, assumed to be TBEV-free, were investigated. Results: In Alsace-Lorraine, cattle were highly exposed to the virus with an overall estimated seroprevalence of 57.6% (95% CI: 52.1-62.8%, n=344), varying locally from 29.9% (95% CI: 21.0-40.0%) to 92.1% (95% CI: 84.5-96.8%). Seroprevalence did not increase with age, with one- to three-year-old cattle being as highly exposed as older ones, suggesting a short-life duration of antibodies. The proportion of sera with MNT titres lower than 1:40 per grid cell decreased with increased seroprevalence. Both cELISA kits showed high specificity (>90%) and low sensitivity (less than 78.1%) compared with MNT. Sensitivity was lower for sera with neutralising antibodies titres below 1:40, suggesting that sensitivity of these tests varied with local virus circulation intensity. Conclusions: Our results highlight that screening strategy and serological tests should be carefully chosen according to the purpose of the serological study and with regard to the limitations of each method.

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Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus RNA Found in Frozen Goat’s Milk in a Family Outbreak

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

The Consumption of Raw Goat Milk Resulted in TBE in Patients in Poland, 2022 “Case Report”

The Consumption of Raw Goat Milk Resulted in TBE in Patients in Poland, 2022 “Case Report”

Exposure of cattle to tick-borne encephalitis virus in the historical endemic zone in north-eastern France

Exposure of cattle to tick-borne encephalitis virus in the historical endemic zone in north-eastern France

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