Tick-borne encephalitis

Johnson, Nicholas; Migné, Camille Victoire; Gonzalez, Gaëlle

doi:10.1097/qco.0000000000000924

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Tick-borne viruses are a diverse group that includes members of Flaviviridae, Bunyavirales, Orthomyxoviridae and Reoviridae (Johnson et al 2023). Probably this is why the viral component of the tick microbiome has recently been studied quite extensively through meta-RNA sequencing (e.g., Bratuleanu et al 2023;Cai et al 2023;Guo et al 2022;Harvey et al 2019;Kong et al 2022;Ni et al 2023;Pettersson et al 2017;Tokarz et al 2018;Xu et al 2021;Z.…”

Section: Ticks (Arachnida: Ixodida)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status of Metatranscriptomic and Related Studies in Hematophagous Disease-Transmitting Vectors

McCarthy

2024

J FL Mosq Control Assoc

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The incidence of numerous vector-borne diseases (VBDs) has recently increased alarmingly due to various widespread factors, including unplanned urbanization, greater human mobility, environmental changes, vector resistance to insecticides, and evolving pathogens. In this context, the World Health Organization (WHO) has repositioned effective and sustainable vector control as a key approach to prevent and eliminate VBDs. It has been shown that the microbiome influences development, nutrition, and pathogen defense in disease-transmitting vectors such as mosquitoes, sandflies, tsetse flies, triatomine bugs, and ticks. Consequently, understanding the endogenous regulation of vector biology can aid in developing effective approaches for vector control. In this respect, a metatranscriptomic approach analyzes all the expressed RNAs in an environmental sample (meta-RNAs) and can thus reveal how the metabolic activities of the microbiome influence vector biology. This review includes an extensive analysis of available literature on microbial and viral studies for some of the major hematophagous disease-transmitting arthropods, with a focus on studies that used next generation sequencing (NGS) approaches. Since a consensus terminology for these “meta-sequencing analyses” has not yet been established, a definition of these terms is presented here to provide the framework for systematically sorting the available information for each of the VBDs analyzed here to single out metatranscriptomic analyses. Finally, key gaps in knowledge were identified for some of these hematophagous disease-transmitting arthropods which will prove very useful for driving future studies.

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Section: Ticks (Arachnida: Ixodida)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status of Metatranscriptomic and Related Studies in Hematophagous Disease-Transmitting Vectors

McCarthy

2024

J FL Mosq Control Assoc

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“…For in vitro experiments, si-rab27 and sc-rab27 were synthesized by MilliporeSigma with dTdT overhangs. ISE6 cells were plated at 5x10 5 cells per well (24 well plate) or 1x10 6 cells per well (6 well plate). siRNAs (1 μg per ml) were nucleofected into ISE6 cells using the 4D-Nucleofector System (Lonza Bioscience).…”

Section: Rna Interferencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current estimates have calculated that Lyme disease alone costs the United States economy around $345 to $968 million per year [3]. Furthermore, the burden of vector-borne diseases on the healthcare system is expected to increase in the coming years [4,5,6,7]. Ticks are hematophagous or blood feeding arthropods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rab27 in tick extracellular vesicle biogenesis and infection

Butler,

Singh,

Marnin

et al. 2023

Preprint

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BackgroundThe blacklegged tick,Ixodes scapularis, transmits most vector-borne diseases in the United States. It vectors seven pathogens of public health relevance, including the emerging human pathogenAnaplasma phagocytophilum. Nevertheless, it remains critically understudied when compared to other arthropod vectors.I. scapularisreleases a variety of molecules that assist in the modulation of host responses. Recently, it was found that extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry several of these molecules and may impact microbial transmission to the mammalian host. EV biogenesis has been studied in mammalian systems and is relatively well understood, but the molecular players important for the formation and secretion of EVs in arthropods of public health relevance remain elusive. RabGTPases are among the major molecular players in mammalian EV biogenesis. They influence membrane identity and vesicle budding, uncoating, and motility.MethodsUsing BLAST, anin-silicopathway for EV biogenesis in ticks was re-constructed. We identified Rab27 for further study. EVs were collected from ISE6 tick cells after knocking downrab27to examine its role in tick EV biogenesis.I. scapularisnymphs were injected with small interfering RNAs to knock downrab27then fed on naïve andA. phagocytophiluminfected mice to explore the importance ofrab27in tick feeding and bacterial acquisition.ResultsOur BLAST analysis identified several of the proteins involved in EV biogenesis in ticks, including Rab27. We show that silencingrab27inI. scapularisimpacts tick fitness. Additionally, ticks acquire lessA. phagocytophilumafterrab27silencing. Experiments in the tick ISE6 cell line show that silencing ofrab27causes a distinct range profile of tick EVs, indicating that Rab27 is needed to regulate EV biogenesis.ConclusionsRab27 is needed for successful tick feeding and may be important for acquiringA. phagocytophilumduring a blood meal. Additionally, silencingrab27in tick cells results in a shift of extracellular vesicle size. Overall, we have observed that Rab27 plays a key role in tick EV biogenesis and the tripartite interactions among the vector, the mammalian host, and a microbe it encounters.

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“…Tick-borne diseases are becoming an increasing public health problem. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is the most widespread tick-borne viral disease in the Euro-Asia region and the second most common tick-transmitted disease in Europe [ 1 , 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Epidemiology in Endemic Regions of Continental Croatia, 2017–2023

Vilibic-Cavlek,

Krcmar,

Bogdanic

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Background: Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) represents an important public health problem in Europe. We analyzed the epidemiology of TBE based on data from humans, animals, and Ixodes ricinus ticks in endemic regions of continental Croatia. Methods: In the period from 2017 to 2023, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples of 684 patients with neuroinvasive diseases, 2240 horse serum samples, and 300 sheep serum samples were tested for TBEV. In addition, 8751 I. ricinus ticks were collected. CSF samples were tested using RT-PCR. Serological tests (serum, CSF) were performed using commercial ELISA, with confirmation of cross-reactive samples by a virus neutralization test. Results: Eighty-four autochthonous human TBEV cases were confirmed. The majority of patients were in the age group of 40–69 years (58.3%) with a male predominance (70.2%). TBE showed a bimodal seasonality with a large peak in April–August and a small one in October–November. In addition to humans, TBEV IgG antibodies were found in 12.2% of horses and 9.7% of sheep. Seasonal tick abundance corresponds to the reported number of human infections. Conclusions: Continental Croatia is still an active natural focus of TBE. Continuous monitoring of infections in humans, sentinel animals, and ticks is needed for the implementation of preventive measures.

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Tick-borne encephalitis

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Current Status of Metatranscriptomic and Related Studies in Hematophagous Disease-Transmitting Vectors

Current Status of Metatranscriptomic and Related Studies in Hematophagous Disease-Transmitting Vectors

Rab27 in tick extracellular vesicle biogenesis and infection

An Overview of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Epidemiology in Endemic Regions of Continental Croatia, 2017–2023

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