Tick-Borne Encephalitis

Kaiser, Reinhard

doi:10.1016/j.idc.2008.03.013

Cited by 547 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Inflammatory, degenerative and necrotic pathomorphological changes inflicted directly by the viruses on the central nervous system can the occurrence of mental disorders [4]. Elevated proinflammatory cytokine levels also have an adverse effect on the patients' mental condition [8]. Psychopathological symptoms occurring in the course of viral infections pose diagnostic difficulties.…”

Section: Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In several European countries, including Poland, TBE remains one of the leading causes of CNS infections [8]. It is believed that in Poland its prevalence is equal to that of HSV, and in 2012 it even made up as much as 65% of the registered viral encephalitis cases [1,3,12].…”

Section: Tbe Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is believed that in Poland its prevalence is equal to that of HSV, and in 2012 it even made up as much as 65% of the registered viral encephalitis cases [1,3,12]. Central and Eastern Europe, the Scandinavian Peninsula, Asia and the Far East are the endemic territories of TBEV [26]. Three types of the virus may be distinguished: the European, Siberian and Far Eastern.…”

Section: Tbe Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the tick bite, the tick's saliva transmits the infection. It is also possible to acquire the virus through unpasteurized milk [26]. TBE should be considered in the differential diagnostics even in regions outside of the known endemic territories, due to the fact that recent years have brought not only an increase in TBE prevalence but also outbreaks of the disease in new areas [28].…”

Section: Tbe Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Langerhans cells, which are dendritic skin cells, are the inoculation site in which the virus initially replicates before being transported to the local lymph nodes. Then the virus infects the T and B lymphocytes, as well as macrophages of the lymph nodes, spleen and thymus [26]. The high production and consequent viral load of the primarily infected organs contributes to the transmission of the virus through the blood/brain barrier.…”

Section: Tbe Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychiatric Aspects of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis, Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Herpes Zoster Encephalitis Among Immunocompetent Patients

2015

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The psychopathological symptoms occurring in the course of diseases associated with infections are often initially isolated and non-characteristic, and may cause diagnostic difficulties. Moreover, such disorders tend to be less responsive to psychiatric management. Among possible causes such as trauma, neoplasm and vascular changes, inflammatory changes of the brain as a result of a viral infection should also be considered. There were 452 registered cases of viral encephalitis in Poland in 2010, and although not very prevalent they remain a severe and lifethreatening condition. What is more, the frequently occurring neurological and psychiatric complications of viral encephalitis often result in permanent disabilities, causing a significant decrease in the quality of life. This article presents the three types of encephalitis that are most prevalent among immunocompetent patients in Poland, i.e. herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and herpes zoster encephalitis (HZE). The psychopathology of the acute phase of the infection, the residual symptoms, features apparent in imaging studies and some neuropathological aspects are also presented. The paper also focuses on psychiatric aspects of the diagnostics and treatment of the described conditions. The clinical pictures of these infections are quite specific, although they cover a wide range of symptoms, and these characteristic features are described. The aim of this review is also to show the significance of thorough diagnostics and a multidisciplinary approach to patients with viral CNS infections (Adv Clin Exp Med 2015, 24, 2, 361-371).

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Section: Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%