Tick-Borne Diseases-Possible Threat to Humans-Dog Interspecie Bond

Shah, Said Sajjad Ali; Khan, Muhammad Ilyas; Rafiullah, Rafiullah; Khan, Mirza Ali; Khan, Haleema; Ali, Anwar; Ali, Muhammad Ijaz; Jan, Rafiullah

doi:10.14737/journal.aavs/2017/5.3.115.119

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Anticoagulant-added whole blood samples were processed through an automatic hematology analyzer (Urit Vet 2900) for the estimation of the total erythrocytic count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, total leucocytic count, and erythrocytic indices (Shah et al, 2017).…”

Section: Hematologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mystery Behind Camel Mortalities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Lakki Marwat), Pakistan

Rafiullah,

Shah,

Khan

et al. 2024

SJA

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C amel, an even-toed ungulate having unique physiological characteristics, possesses humps i.e., Dromedary (single hump) and Bactrian (two humps) (Faraz et al., 2013). Camel has the potential to serve millions of poor people throughout the world by providing milk, meat, hair, and wool in harsh areas of the world and is extensively used for transportation in mountainous areas and deserts Abstract | Camel is an important animal, possessing unique physiological characteristics and serving millions of poor people throughout the world. Mortality in the camel population was observed in Lakki Marwat district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in 2018, in which more than 60 camels died. Two dogs that consumed the meat of dead camels were also found dead in the study area. Different types of samples, i.e., tissue samples from dead camels (n=2) and blood samples from infected live camels (n=60) were collected from the study area for bacteriological, hematological, and parasitological studies, while for feed analysis, feed samples (n=20) were collected. Postmortem examination of dead camels revealed extensive hemorrhages in the small intestine and severe congestion of the colon and rectum. Among the hematological parameters, there was a significant reduction in hemoglobin level and hematocrit values and a significant increase in total leukocyte count, whereas all other parameters were in the normal range. Microbiological results revealed sporulated bacilli indicative of Bacillus cereus, which is an important cause of food poisoning, causing diarrheal and emetic illness. Analysis of feed samples showed a higher level of Aflatoxin B1 in spoiled Gram and Berseem fed to camels. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that recent mortality in camels might be due to food poisoning due to Bacillus cereus intoxication (Haemorrhagic diathesis) and a higher level of Aflatoxin B1 in the feed. Dog mortality may be related to indospicine toxicity due to feeding of indigoferous plants by camels.

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Section: Hematologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mystery Behind Camel Mortalities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Lakki Marwat), Pakistan

Rafiullah,

Shah,

Khan

et al. 2024

SJA

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“…Prevalence of intestinal parasites in ruminants is affected by various risk factors such as season, grazing habits, malnutrition and age of animals (Radostits et al, 1994;Adedipe et al, 2014). Development of parasites is mainly affected by hot weather due to which infestation of parasites (haemoparasites and intestinal parasites) is more common in hot and humid months of the year (Shah et al, 2017). The objective of the present study is to determine the prevalent GI parasites in study area and to determine the predisposing factors.…”

Section: Said Sajjadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coprological Examination of Small and Large Ruminants in Central Zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Shah¹,

Khan²,

Ullah³

et al. 2021

SJA

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“…have been observed in conventional diagnostic methods (e.g. blood smear examination) from dogs in Pakistan [21, 24–26]. Recent studies from Pakistan utilized molecular ( 18S rRNA gene amplification) approaches and reported a high prevalence (46% and 12%) of H. canis from farm and pet dogs, respectively [6, 27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low genetic diversity of Ehrlichia canis associated with high co-infection rates in Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.)

et al. 2019

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BackgroundRhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) is the most widely distributed ixodid tick and is a vector of major canine and human pathogens. High-throughput technologies have revealed that individual ticks carry a high diversity of pathogens, including bacteria, protozoa and viruses. Currently, it is accepted that co-infections (multiple pathogen species within an individual) are very common in ticks and influence pathogen acquisition and transmission as well as host infection risk. However, little is known on the impact of the genetic diversity of pathogens on the incidence of co-infections. Herein, we studied the frequency of co-infections in R. sanguineus (s.l.) and their association with the genetic diversity of Ehrlichia canis.MethodsRhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) female ticks (n = 235) were collected from healthy farm dogs in three districts of Pakistan. Microfluidic real-time PCR, a powerful nanotechnology for high-throughput molecular detection of pathogens, was used to test the presence of 25 bacterial and seven parasitic species in individual ticks. The genetic diversity of E. canis was evaluated by characterizing the trp36 gene.ResultsA total of 204 ticks were infected with at least one pathogen and 109 co-infected with two (80%) or three (20%) pathogens. Rickettsia massiliae (human pathogen) and E. canis (zoonotic dog pathogen) were the most common pathogens co-infecting (30.4%) ticks. Furthermore, all identified co-infections included R. massiliae and/or E. canis. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) revealed that single infections did not show clear regional association whereas some co-infections were restricted to certain geographical regions. The sequence analysis of trp36 in representative samples allowed the identification of three E. canis strains with low genetic diversity, and the strain found in Muzaffargarh district appeared to be more adapted to co-infection with R. massiliae.ConclusionsRhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) harbors multiple co-infections with human and dog pathogens of zoonotic potential. Findings of this study suggest that genetic diversity of E. canis may favor co-infections with different pathogens.

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Tick-Borne Diseases-Possible Threat to Humans-Dog Interspecie Bond

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Mystery Behind Camel Mortalities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Lakki Marwat), Pakistan

Mystery Behind Camel Mortalities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Lakki Marwat), Pakistan

Coprological Examination of Small and Large Ruminants in Central Zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Low genetic diversity of Ehrlichia canis associated with high co-infection rates in Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.)

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