Tick-Bite Fever in Southern Africa.

Troup, J. M.; Pijper, Adrianus

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)99377-2

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In 1931 Troup and Pijper published their classic description of South African TBF, which distinguished between mild and severe forms of the disease. 1 Unfortunately, laboratory correlates of this distinction were subsequently lost, and the result was that Rickettsia conorii var pijperi became accepted as the sole agent of South African TBF. In 1992, however, a different rickettsial species responsible for some cases of TBF was identified by molecular techniques, and was named Rickettsia africae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick bite fever in South Africa

Frean¹,

Blumberg²,

Ogunbanjo

2008

South African Family Practice

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Tick bite fever has been a constant feature of the South African medical landscape. While it was recognised many years ago that there was a wide spectrum of clinical severity of infection, only recently has it been established that there are two aetiological agents, with different epidemiologies and clinical presentations. Rickettsia conorii infections resemble the classical Mediterranean spotted fever (fièvre boutonneuse), and patients are sometimes at risk of severe or even fatal complications. On the other hand, African tick bite fever is a separate entity caused by Rickettsia africae and tends to be a milder illness, with less prominent rash and little tendency to progress to complicated disease. Irrespective of the agent, the treatment of choice for tick bite fever in South Africa remains doxycycline or tetracycline, and the role of macrolide and quinolone antibiotics is still unclear, or at least restricted. This article has been peer reviewed. Full text available at www.safpj.co.za

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick bite fever in South Africa

Frean¹,

Blumberg²,

Ogunbanjo

2008

South African Family Practice

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“…[10][11][12] However, subsequent experiments by Gear failed to confirm these findings; thus, for the next 52 years, causes of ATBF were erroneously assumed to be due to R. conorii, a spotted fever group rickettsiae that is present in the same geographic areas as R. africae. 13 In 1990, Kelly and Mason demonstrated that spotted fever group rickettsiae isolated from A. hebraeum ticks in Zimbabwe were different from R. conorii.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imported African tick bite fever: a case report.

Sexton¹,

Corey²,

Greenfield³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. We describe a patient with African tick-bite fever who acquired his infection while visiting rural areas of South Africa and then became sick after returning to the United States. The dominant clinical feature of his illness was the presence of multiple, ulcerated lesions (tache noires). Physicians in the United States and other non-African countries who see travelers returning from southern parts of Africa who give a history of recent tick bite and/or present with multiple, crusted or vesicular skin lesions should be alert to this diagnosis and institute treatment with doxycycline.

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“…Before recognition of urban boutonneuse fever in South Africa, this dis ease has been thought to originate chiefly in the veld and the agent was con sidered to differ from that elsewhere in Africa. Immature stages of A. hebraeum and R. appendiculatus swarm on humans visiting the veld, and a few rickettsial isolations were made from these species (221)(222)(223)(224)(225)(226)(227)305). Nymphs of Hyalomma m. Tufipes Koch from a hare (Lepus capensis) (180) and adults of this species from domestic cattle were also found to be infected (78) ; both tick lots were reported as H. aegyptium.…”

Section: Boutonneuse Fever (Subgroup B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ticks in Relation to Human Diseases Caused by Rickettsia Species

Hoogstraal¹

1967

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

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Rickettsiae (185) are obligate intracellular parasites that multiply by binary fission in the cells of both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. They are pleomorphic coccobacillary bodies with complex cell walls containing muramic acid, and internal structures composed of ribonucleic and deoxyri bonucleic acids. Rickettsiae show independent metabolic activity with amino acids and intermediate carbohydrates as substrates, and are very susceptible to tetracyclines as well as to other antibiotics. They may be considered as fastidious bacteria whose major unique character is their obligate intracellu lar life, although there is at least one exception to this. In appearance, they range from coccoid forms 0.3 J.I. in diameter to long chains of bacillary forms. They are thus intermediate in size between most bacteria and filterable viruses, and form the family Rickettsiaceae Pinkerton. They stain poorly by Gram's method but well by the procedures of Macchiavello, Gimenez, and Giemsa. Arthropods are frequently infected and are vectors of each rickettsial species that causes illness in humans, Steinhaus (292) has stressed the inti mate biological relationships between rickettsiae and arthropods, especially ticks. This suggestion is fully supported by the many phenomena of rickett sial infection, multiplication, long-term maintenance, trans-stadial and transovarial transmission, tick-reservoir tolerance, extensive geographic and ecological distribution, and the variety of infected tick species discussed be low. Human rickettsial diseases may be classified in five major groups on the basis of their clinical features, epidemiological aspects, and immunological characteristics. In the following outline, the Maculatum agent (2B) and those in 2D have not been associated with human disease. 1 The survey of the literature pertaining to this review was concluded in March 1966.

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Tick-Bite Fever in Southern Africa.

Cited by 15 publications

References 3 publications

Tick bite fever in South Africa

Tick bite fever in South Africa

Imported African tick bite fever: a case report.

Ticks in Relation to Human Diseases Caused by Rickettsia Species

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