Tick anti-hemostatics: targets for future vaccines and therapeutics

Maritz-Olivier, Christine; Stutzer, Christian; Jongejan, Frans; Neitz, A.W.H.; Gaspar, Anabella R. M.

doi:10.1016/j.pt.2007.07.005

Cited by 94 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…However, no significant correlation was found in Brahman, indicating that the cattle breeds had different inflammatory responses. Brahman and other breeds with stronger anti-tick capabilities might resist ticks by repairing their skin dermalstructure or secreting specific antigen and blood coagulation factors to resist the agents found in the salivary glands of ticks (Bechara et al, 2000;Zhao and Kong, 2000;Maritz-Olivier et al, 2007). These results demonstrated that the inflammatory reaction to the whole tick body was one of the most important responses that cattle displayed to tick infestation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Hematophagia expands the organism to 100-fold its original size. Consecutive bites increase the risk of a complicated immune response, including that of the tick, the transmitted pathogen to the host, and a subsequent immunological rejection of the pathogen from the host (Zhao and Kong, 2000;Andreotti et al, 2002;Maritz-Olivier et al, 2007). Acquired anti-tick immunity can fight the tick to decrease blood-sucking volume, attachment time, number of engorged ticks, and the capacity of female ticks to lay eggs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of bovine Toll-like receptor 4 with tick infestation rates and blood histamine concentration

Yu¹,

Cui²,

Zhou³

et al. 2013

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT.We investigated a possible association between bovine Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and resistance to tick infestation in 103 cattle, including BMY cattle (1/2 Brahman, 1/4 Murray Grey, and 1/4 Yunnan Yellow cattle), Brahman, and Red Angus grazing on improved pasture. The tick infestation weight and number of Rhipicephalus microplus and the blood histamine concentration were measured and compared with those of 32 Chinese Holsteins and 30 Simmentals. A 228-bp fragment was amplified and sequenced to analyze the polymorphisms of the TLR4 gene. After SSCP and sequencing analysis, 4 SNPs, i.e., 535(A>C), 546(T>C), 605(T>A), and 618(G>C), were identified, corresponding to GenBank accession Nos. AY297041 and NW_003104150; the latter two SNPs caused Leu→Gln and Gln→His substitutions, respectively. Genotype AA was completely predominant in the Chinese Holstein and Simmental; genotypes AA and AB were detected in Red Angus, while genotypes AA, AB, BB, and BC were detected in Brahman and in BMY cattle. A negative correlation was identified between blood histamine concentration and number of tick infestation; in BMY cattle this negative association was significant. The tick infestation in cattle with genotype BB was significantly lower than in those with genotype AA. Blood histamine concentration in cattle with genotype BB was significantly higher than in those with genotype AA. The TLR4 gene mutation could affect the blood histamine level and activate the immune reaction after tick infestation. Allele B has potential as a molecular marker for tick-resistance originated from Zebu cattle for use in cattle breeding programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of bovine Toll-like receptor 4 with tick infestation rates and blood histamine concentration

Yu¹,

Cui²,

Zhou³

et al. 2013

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…It has also been speculated that such metzincins may play a role in pathogen transmission, since it has been proven that Borrelia spirochetes up regulate the release and activation of matrix metalloprotease gelatinase B (MMP-9) and collagenase 1 (MMP-1) in human cells, improving the transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi across extracellular matrix components (Gebbia et al, 2001). Spirochete dissemination through vertebrate tissues may similarly be aided by salivary metalloproteases and other salivary anti-haemostatic agents (Maritz-Olivier et al, 2007;Ribeiro, 1989), which prevent fibrin clot formation and dissolution of the fibrin clots eventually formed around the feeding cavity of ixodid ticks (Francischetti et al, 2003). For this reason both Decrem et al (2007) and Imamura et al (2009) selected salivary gland metalloproteases from I. ricinus and H.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression profiling, gene silencing and transcriptional networking of metzincin metalloproteases in the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

Barnard

Nijhof

Gaspar

et al. 2012

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…From this perspective, it has been hypothesized that ticks could inject PIs into the host to evade host defense [18,[74][75][76][77]. In this study, we identified 43 putative PIs (S1 Table), which according to the Merops database belong in eight families: I2 (Kunitz type serine protease inhibitors, n = 2), I4 (serine protease inhibitors, [serpins], n = 11), I8 (TIL domain serine protease inhibitors, n = 13), I25 (cystatins, cysteine protease inhibitors, n = 4), I31 (thyropins, cysteine protease inhibitors n = 2), I39 (α-2 macroglobulin, A2M, n = 9), I43 (Kazal type serine protease inhibitors, n = 1), and I68 (carboxypeptidase inhibitors, TCI, n = 1) were identified in I. scapularis saliva (S2 Table).…”

Section: Majority Of Protease Inhibitors In I Scapularis Saliva Likementioning

confidence: 99%

Ixodes scapularistick saliva proteins sequentially secreted every 24h during blood feeding

Kim¹

2016

2016 International Congress of Entomology

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Ixodes scapularis is the most medically important tick species and transmits five of the 14 reportable human tick borne disease (TBD) agents in the USA. This study describes LC-MS/MS identification of 582 tick-and 83 rabbit proteins in saliva of I. scapularis ticks that fed for 24,48,72,96, and 120 h, as well as engorged but not detached (BD), and spontaneously detached (SD). The 582 tick proteins include proteases (5.7%), protease inhibitors (7.4%), unknown function proteins (22%), immunity/antimicrobial (2.6%), lipocalin (3.1%), heme/iron binding (2.6%), extracellular matrix/ cell adhesion (2.2%), oxidant metabolism/ detoxification (6%), transporter/ receptor related (3.2%), cytoskeletal (5.5%), and housekeeping-like (39.7%). Notable observations include: (i) tick saliva proteins of unknown function accounting for >33% of total protein content, (ii) 79% of proteases are metalloproteases, (iii) 13% (76/582) of proteins in this study were found in saliva of other tick species and, (iv) ticks apparently selectively inject functionally similar but unique proteins every 24 h, which we speculate is the tick's antigenic variation equivalent strategy to protect important tick feeding functions from host immune system. The host immune responses to proteins present in 24 h I. scapularis saliva will not be effective at later feeding stages. Rabbit proteins identified in our study suggest the tick's strategic use of host proteins to modulate the feeding site. Notably fibrinogen, which is central to blood clotting and wound healing, was detected in high abundance in BD and SD saliva, when the tick is preparing to terminate feeding and detach from the host. A remarkable tick adaptation is that the feeding lesion is completely healed when the tick detaches from the host. Does the tick concentrate fibrinogen at the feeding site to aide in promoting healing of the feeding lesion? Overall, these data provide broad insight into molecular mechanisms regulating different tick feeding phases. These data set the foundation for in depth I. scapularis tick feeding physiology and TBD transmission studies.PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |

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Tick anti-hemostatics: targets for future vaccines and therapeutics

Cited by 94 publications

References 59 publications

Association of bovine Toll-like receptor 4 with tick infestation rates and blood histamine concentration

Association of bovine Toll-like receptor 4 with tick infestation rates and blood histamine concentration

Expression profiling, gene silencing and transcriptional networking of metzincin metalloproteases in the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

Ixodes scapularistick saliva proteins sequentially secreted every 24h during blood feeding

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