Tibial stress injuries – location, severity, and classification in magnetic resonance imaging examination

Gmachowska, Agata; Żabicka, Magdalena; Pacho, Ryszard; Pacho, Szymon; Majek, A.; Feldman, Beata

doi:10.5114/pjr.2018.80218

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…[5][6][7] It helps identifyperiosteal reaction, sclerosis, and intracortical changes. [1] MRI plays a crucial role in the diagnosis due to its ability to visualize early subtle edema, weeks before the appearance of the fracture line. MRI has an added advantage over CT in detecting soft-tissue abnormalities like localized edema, which can be helpful in localizing the site of subtle fracture.…”

Section: Role Of Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Any evidence of soft-tissue mass and pathological destruction of the bone should always be looked for. [1] CT may help to identify cortical changes, if any, and help to distinguish an intracortical osteoid osteoma from a stress fracture. A partially healed stress fracture can be confused as an intracortical osteoid osteoma [Figure 9] and thin 1 mm high-resolution images are facilitative.…”

Section: Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insufficiency fractures result due to normal stress on abnormal bone in patients with osteoporosis, osteomalacia, Paget's disease, fibrous dysplasia, osteogenesis imperfecta, radiation, hyperparathyroidism, anorexia, etc. [1] Fatigue fractures occur due to the reaction of normal bone to abnormal repetitive stress. ese are commonly encountered either in unconditioned individuals who abruptly engage in a strenuous sports activity or in trained conditioned athletes who had acutely intensified the training regimen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic resonance imaging in stress fractures: Making a correct diagnosis

Verma

Singh

2022

IJMSR

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Stress fractures are fractures that occur due to a mismatch between bone strength and long-term mechanical stress. It is common to see magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) being used as first line of investigation for patients with bone pain. Lack of understanding of imaging appearances of a stress fracture can result in misinterpretation of bone marrow edema on MRI. We aim to stimulate readers’ thinking by illustrating MRI findings, in stress fractures and their possible differentials at various sites, with a view to reduce misinterpretation of MR scans and facilitate patient management.

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Section: Role Of Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic resonance imaging in stress fractures: Making a correct diagnosis

Verma

Singh

2022

IJMSR

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“…Much like in the other types of stress fractures, plain radiographs have a high false-negative rate, and MRI or CT are more sensitive and precise types of diagnostic imaging ( Robertson and Wood, 2015 ). In the early stages, only one tibia may be affected, but later changes can be seen in both legs ( Gmachowska et al, 2018 ). A plethora of therapies are taken into consideration, but the most reliable treatment of the fracture is ensured by orthopaedic surgery.…”

Section: Stress Fracturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncommon Bone Injuries in Soccer Players

Ficek¹,

Gwiazdoń²,

Skowronek³

et al. 2021

Journal of Human Kinetics

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Soccer is the most common team sport in the world. A significant number of players are associated with a large number of injuries. Injuries occur in a variety of contexts regardless of the age or performance level of players. The vast majority of injuries involve soft tissues. Bone injuries are less common, but usually result in long-term exclusion from the game. Three different types of fractures related to soccer are classified as acute types, stress fractures and avulsion. This manuscript outlines the diagnostic procedures and treatments for stress fractures, avulsion fractures and bone cyst. The common feature of the described injuries includes frequent difficulties associated with the correct diagnosis and treatment direction. In therapeutic treatment, the doctor and the patient often have to choose between conservative treatment and surgical treatment, which in many cases is not simple. We suggest that in the event of injuries to soccer players, surgical treatment should be used, shortening the time to return to full sports activity. A very important element of the therapeutic process is proper rehabilitation, which should be individually tailored to the patient in order to optimize the treatment process. Some of the rehabilitation protocols should be permanently incorporated into the warm-up protocols for training. Such a procedure has a preventive effect.

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“…10 The injury may isolate to one tibia or occur bilaterally. 11 Athletes participating in land-based sports involving running, jumping, and repetitive stress are at higher risk for BSI, and the incidence is higher in female athletes. 7,12 Current literature lacks consensus of BSI classification and appropriate use of imaging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and Diagnosis of Tibial Bone Stress Injuries in Adolescents: Imaging and Nomenclature

Nussbaum

Holtzman

Rizzone

et al. 2022

Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America

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Tibial bone stress injuries (BSIs) are common injuries experienced by active adolescent athletes. The current literature lacks consensus of BSI nomenclature and appropriate use of imaging modalities. Injury classification, severity, or grade may differ substantially according to imaging modalities used and location of injury. This leads to inconsistency in understanding prevalence of injury, communication of diagnosis and management, and can cause confusion for patients and their entourages. As such, the purpose of this Current Concept Review was to identify existing classification of atraumatic tibial pain/BSI, propose unifying nomenclature, and review imaging tools available to clinicians caring for young athletes. Limited literature was identified pertaining to adolescent aged athletes. Thus, we expanded our search to included adult literature and identified 32 publications for atraumatic tibial pain. Multiple grading scales and various imaging modalities were used in the literature highlighting a lack of consensus of terminology and imaging for formalizing diagnosis of BSI. Tibial BSI is common in athletes and has large discrepancies in reported incidence. Unified terminology and recommended imaging modalities for the adolescent athlete with these injuries would improve patient care and professional communication. We propose using “Bone Stress Injury” (BSI) to describe overuse injury of the tibia with associated physical examination findings. When needed for guidance of management, imaging can be used to confirm the diagnosis of BSI. Radiography is recommended as the first imaging modality, and MRI should be considered to confirm diagnosis and determine grade of injury.

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Tibial stress injuries – location, severity, and classification in magnetic resonance imaging examination

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Magnetic resonance imaging in stress fractures: Making a correct diagnosis

Magnetic resonance imaging in stress fractures: Making a correct diagnosis

Uncommon Bone Injuries in Soccer Players

Evaluation and Diagnosis of Tibial Bone Stress Injuries in Adolescents: Imaging and Nomenclature

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