Tibial stress during running following a repeated calf‐raise protocol

Abstract

Lower limb stress fractures are a problematic injury that affect runners, 1 with the tibia one of the most common sites of this injury. 2-4 Tibial stress fractures represent the inability of the skeleton to withstand repetitive bouts of mechanical loading. Repetitive loading can lead to microdamage accumulation, and inadequate repair of this is understood to increase the risk of stress fracture. 5 The magnitude of loading experienced by the bone is important and may be increased throughout an activity as a result of fatigue. In healthy participants, increased tibial strain has been observed following prolonged weight-bearing activity, 6 and increased peak anterior-posterior tibial stress was observed following just 20minutes of moderate treadmill running. 7 This increased bone loading may increase the risk of stress fracture. 8 Milgrom et al 6 showed that following both prolonged running and marching, anterior tibial tensional strains increased,

Effect of Running-Induced Fatigue on Tibial Acceleration and the Role of Lower Limb Muscle Strength, Power, and Endurance

“…The effects of isolated muscle fatigue on PTA have not been assessed during running. The use of tibia modeling shows no changes to tibia stresses before and after a fatiguing calf-raise protocol during running (46); however, tibia stresses increase during prolonged running (10). As such, tibial stresses appear unrelated to isolated plantarflexor muscle fatigue, highlighting the complexity between fatigue and lower limb loading.…”

Impact loading in female runners with single and multiple bone stress injuries during fresh and exerted conditions

“… 28 , 34 Some researchers have fatigued specific muscle groups and then assessed changes in kinetic and kinematic variables during running. 30 , 46 …”

Quadriceps Performance and Running Biomechanics Influence Femur BMD Changes after ACL Reconstruction in Collegiate Athletes

“…Running is a submaximal task and does not require maximum quadriceps recruitment. As peak muscle force is associated with peak bone loads during running (16,38), quadriceps force production may have the greatest influence on BMD of the distal femur, which is most accurately quantified via an isolated knee extensor contraction. Furthermore, running does not provide optimal loading to stimulate an osteogenic response (39).…”

“…Running is a submaximal task and does not require maximum quadriceps recruitment. As peak muscle force is associated with peak bone loads during running (16,38), quadriceps force production may have the greatest influence on BMD of the distal femur, which is most accurately quantified TABLE 3. Simple slope analysis for probing the interaction effects of knee extensor PT, RTD, running PKF angle, and running PKEM on 15% distal femur BMD.…”