Tibetan Plateau yak milk: A comprehensive review of nutritional values, health benefits, and processing technology

Li, Aili; Liu, Chuan; Han, Xueting; Zheng, Jie; Zhang, Guofang; Qi, Xiaoxi; Du, Peng; Liu, Libo

doi:10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100919

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Precise supplemental feeding methods for the yaks during warm and cold seasons are advisable since the rumen microbiota can utilize low levels of dietary nitrogen better than the high (Zhou et al, 2017 ; Hao, 2019 ), and excessively high concentrations of protein, which may result in unnecessary waste and environmental pollution. Moreover, the correlation between forage and milk fatty acids is significantly affected by the biohydrogenation occurring in the yak rumen alongside the particular community of rumen microorganisms (Li et al, 2023 ). The intestinal microbiota of yaks determine their feed quality, and studies have shown that yaks can selectively intake certain plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to cow milk, yak milk exhibits considerably elevated levels of essential amino acids, immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, and IgM. Immunoglobulin A and IgG concentrations could be approximately 1.5 times higher than those found in human milk (Li et al, 2023 ). Although the fat content ranges from approximately 5.3% to 8.8% and is the most variable component in yak milk (Ma et al, 2021a ), yak milk possesses almost twice the amount of fat compared to Holstein milk (Li et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Host-rumen Microbiome–environment Interactions On the Depend...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the fat content ranges from approximately 5.3% to 8.8% and is the most variable component in yak milk (Ma et al, 2021a ), yak milk possesses almost twice the amount of fat compared to Holstein milk (Li et al, 2011 ). Regarding the fatty acids (FAs) contained in yak milk, it has a reduced concentration of short and medium-chain FAs but an elevated level of long-chain FAs and unsaturated FAs in contrast to Holstein milk (Li et al, 2023 ). The concentration of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in yak milk is significantly greater than that found in cow milk (Zongo et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Host-rumen Microbiome–environment Interactions On the Depend...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentration of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in yak milk is significantly greater than that found in cow milk (Zongo et al, 2021 ). In addition, due to the activity of yak rumen microorganisms and enzymes, numerous polyunsaturated FAs present in fresh forage are hydrogenated and eventually absorbed by the intestine in the form of saturated FAs and trans FAs, leading to their deposition in tissues affecting milk quality (Li et al, 2023 ). However, little is known about the microbiome-host-dependent mechanisms for yak milk containing high mineral and vitamin content.…”

Section: Host-rumen Microbiome–environment Interactions On the Depend...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Linkages between rumen microbiome, host, and environment in yaks, and their implications for understanding animal production and management

Wang,

Dong,

Guo

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Livestock on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is of great importance for the livelihood of the local inhabitants and the ecosystem of the plateau. The natural, harsh environment has shaped the adaptations of local livestock while providing them with requisite eco-services. Over time, unique genes and metabolic mechanisms (nitrogen and energy) have evolved which enabled the yaks to adapt morphologically and physiologically to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The rumen microbiota has also co-evolved with the host and contributed to the host's adaptation to the environment. Understanding the complex linkages between the rumen microbiota, the host, and the environment is essential to optimizing the rumen function to meet the growing demands for animal products while minimizing the environmental impact of ruminant production. However, little is known about the mechanisms of host-rumen microbiome-environment linkages and how they ultimately benefit the animal in adapting to the environment. In this review, we pieced together the yak's adaptation to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau ecosystem by summarizing the natural selection and nutritional features of yaks and integrating the key aspects of its rumen microbiome with the host metabolic efficiency and homeostasis. We found that this homeostasis results in higher feed digestibility, higher rumen microbial protein production, higher short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations, and lower methane emissions in yaks when compared with other low-altitude ruminants. The rumen microbiome forms a multi-synergistic relationship among the rumen microbiota services, their communities, genes, and enzymes. The rumen microbial proteins and SCFAs act as precursors that directly impact the milk composition or adipose accumulation, improving the milk or meat quality, resulting in a higher protein and fat content in yak milk and a higher percentage of protein and abundant fatty acids in yak meat when compared to dairy cow or cattle. The hierarchical interactions between the climate, forage, rumen microorganisms, and host genes have reshaped the animal's survival and performance. In this review, an integrating and interactive understanding of the host-rumen microbiome environment was established. The understanding of these concepts is valuable for agriculture and our environment. It also contributes to a better understanding of microbial ecology and evolution in anaerobic ecosystems and the host-environment linkages to improve animal production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Host-rumen Microbiome–environment Interactions On the Depend...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Host-rumen Microbiome–environment Interactions On the Depend...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Host-rumen Microbiome–environment Interactions On the Depend...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Linkages between rumen microbiome, host, and environment in yaks, and their implications for understanding animal production and management

Wang,

Dong,

Guo

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Compared to cow milk, yak milk exhibits considerably elevated levels of essential amino acids, immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, and IgM. Immunoglobulin A and IgG concentrations could be approximately 1.5 times higher than those found in human milk (Li et al, 2023). Although the fat content ranges from approximately 5.3% to 8.8% and is the most variable component in yak milk (Ma et al, 2021a), yak milk possesses almost twice the amount of fat compared to Holstein milk (Li et al, 2011).…”

Section: Milk Qualitymentioning

confidence: 98%

One-Health meets microbiota: Interactions between digestive tract microbiota, host, and environment

2024

Frontiers Research Topics

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Frontiers is more than just an open access publisher of scholarly articles: it is a pioneering approach to the world of academia, radically improving the way scholarly research is managed. The grand vision of Frontiers is a world where all people have an equal opportunity to seek, share and generate knowledge. Frontiers provides immediate and permanent online open access to all its publications, but this alone is not enough to realize our grand goals. Frontiers journal seriesThe Frontiers journal series is a multi-tier and interdisciplinary set of openaccess, online journals, promising a paradigm shift from the current review, selection and dissemination processes in academic publishing. All Frontiers journals are driven by researchers for researchers; therefore, they constitute a service to the scholarly community. At the same time, the Frontiers journal series operates on a revolutionary invention, the tiered publishing system, initially addressing specific communities of scholars, and gradually climbing up to broader public understanding, thus serving the interests of the lay society, too. Dedication to qualityEach Frontiers article is a landmark of the highest quality, thanks to genuinely collaborative interactions between authors and review editors, who include some of the world's best academicians. Research must be certified by peers before entering a stream of knowledge that may eventually reach the public -and shape society; therefore, Frontiers only applies the most rigorous and unbiased reviews. Frontiers revolutionizes research publishing by freely delivering the most outstanding research, evaluated with no bias from both the academic and social point of view. By applying the most advanced information technologies, Frontiers is catapulting scholarly publishing into a new generation. What are Frontiers Research Topics?Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers journals series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area.

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Biofermentation of aquatic plants: Potential novel feed ingredients for dairy cattle production

Yang,

Wen,

Liu

et al. 2024

Science of The Total Environment

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Tibetan Plateau yak milk: A comprehensive review of nutritional values, health benefits, and processing technology

Cited by 6 publications

References 76 publications

Linkages between rumen microbiome, host, and environment in yaks, and their implications for understanding animal production and management

Linkages between rumen microbiome, host, and environment in yaks, and their implications for understanding animal production and management

One-Health meets microbiota: Interactions between digestive tract microbiota, host, and environment

Biofermentation of aquatic plants: Potential novel feed ingredients for dairy cattle production

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