TiAl-Based Oxidation-Resistant Hard Coatings with Different Al Contents Obtained by Vacuum-Pulse-Arc Granule Melting

Abstract

A method was proposed for increasing the oxidation resistance of promising wrought Ti2AlNb ortho-alloys by depositing γ-TiAl-based coatings. Using original vacuum pulse-arc melting of 100 μm thick granule layers, coatings with different Al/Ti ratios and a thickness of 50–60 µm were obtained on the surface of the Ti50Al25Nb25 alloy. Granules Ti50Al44Nb4.9Mo1B0.1 (at.%), 20–60 μm in size, were employed. To vary Al content, initial granules and their mixture with Al powder were used. Excellent adhesion of the coatings is ensured by the similar chemical composition and structure of the substrate and coatings, as well as micro-metallurgical reactions between granules and the substrate that occur during treatment. The resulting coatings had a submicron gradient structure consisting of TiAl and Ti3Al intermetallic compounds. During oxidation at 850 °C for 10 h, an oxide layer consisting of a mixture of α-Al2O3, TiO2, and AlNbO4 was formed on the coating surfaces. With an increase in the annealing duration to 100 h, a dense α-Al2O3 oxide layer, approximately 0.5 µm thick, was formed over the primary oxide mixture, the quality of which was higher in coatings enriched with aluminum.

A Review of the State of Art of Fabrication Technologies of Titanium Aluminide (Ti-Al) Based on US Patents

“…The applied materials and the application field of the other technologies for Ti-Albased alloys are presented in Table 7. The other fabrication technologies by Ti-Al-based alloys are selected and located in the surface enhancement technologies field, including coating [87], welding, grinding and polishing, joining, hard facing, repair, creating parts of Ti-Al-based alloys as raw materials using layer-by-layer deposition, hydrogenationdehydrogenation, and coating of Ti-Al-based alloys [88] on the substrate by applying powder on the substrate and/or the prepared semifinished products, which all are widely used in some technical fabrications and application fields. In the section on the "basic research on Ti-Al based alloys", the analysis of the basic research on Ti-Al-based alloys showed that Ti-Al-based alloys mostly contained approximately 43-50 at% aluminum.…”