Ti3C2Tx MXene characterization produced from SHS-ground Ti3AlC2

Green synthesis of reduced Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets with enhanced conductivity, oxidation stability, and SERS activity

“…Although our conductivity values for Ti 3 C 2 T x and r-Ti 3 C 2 T x films fall within widely scattered values of 2D titanium carbide MXene films reported previously, 16,24,33,37,44,45 these values are smaller than most of the previously reported values for Ti 3 C 2 T x . Since the conductivity of MXene films is synthesis and processing dependent, the relatively small electrical conductivity of our Ti 3 C 2 T x can mainly be attributed to the use of HF as an etchant instead of a mixture of HCl and alkali metal fluoride salts such as LiF, as suggested in a published report.…”

“…These peaks have been assigned to Ti, Ti 2+ , Ti 3+ , and Ti 4+ chemical states as in the literature. 2,37,38 The peaks appearing at 454.8 eV (460.3 eV) and 459.0 eV (464.9 eV) for Ti 3 C 2 T x are assigned to Ti bonded to C of Ti 3 C 2 crystal and TiO 2 resulting from surface oxidation, respectively. 37,38 For Ti 3 C 2 T x , the component peak at 459.0 eV (464.9 eV) is also largely contributed by Ti 4+ chemical states of Ti atoms surrounded by the O 2À ions in the lattice, which occurs due to the replacement of some carbons by oxygen in the crystal during the etching process.…”

“…2,37,38 The peaks appearing at 454.8 eV (460.3 eV) and 459.0 eV (464.9 eV) for Ti 3 C 2 T x are assigned to Ti bonded to C of Ti 3 C 2 crystal and TiO 2 resulting from surface oxidation, respectively. 37,38 For Ti 3 C 2 T x , the component peak at 459.0 eV (464.9 eV) is also largely contributed by Ti 4+ chemical states of Ti atoms surrounded by the O 2À ions in the lattice, which occurs due to the replacement of some carbons by oxygen in the crystal during the etching process. 2 This fact is supported by the increased intensity ratio of Ti 4+ to Ti-C peaks for Ti 3 C 2 T x compared to the Ti 3 AlC 2 MAX phase.…”

MXene and MoS3−x Coated 3D‐Printed Hybrid Electrode for Solid‐State Asymmetric Supercapacitor

“…It is found that the total contribution from the Ti 3 T 2 T x phase is 72.26 at% and three types of surface functional groups such as fluoride (F), oxide (O), and hydroxyl (OH) are present in Ex‐Ti 3 C 2 T x . [ 51,52 ]…”

“…There are four‐pairs of other peaks located at 456.3/462.0, 457.6/463.3, 459.3/465.0, and 460.5/466.2 eV, corresponding to Ti 2p 3/2 /Ti 2p 1/2 states of Ti(II), Ti(III), TiO 2− x F 2 x and TiF 3 , respectively. [ 51–54 ] The core level C 1s spectrum of Ex‐Ti 3 C 2 T x exhibits five peaks located at 282.3, 282.8, 284.3, 285.0, and 285.8 eV corresponding to the CTiF x , CTiO x , CC (sp 2 ), CC (sp 3 ), and CO (adventitious C), respectively as depicted in Figure 3d. [ 53 ] The deconvolution of O 1s spectrum (Figure 3e) displays the peaks at 530.1, 530.9, 532.0, 533.1, and 534.4 eV corresponding to the CTiO x , TiO 2− x F 2 x , CTiOH, CO (adventitious O) and adsorbed H 2 O, respectively.…”