Ti3AlC2, a candidate structural material for innovative nuclear energy system: The microstructure phase transformation and defect evolution induced by energetic heavy-ion irradiation

Deng, Tianyu; Sun, Jianrong; Tai, Pengfei; Wang, Yuyu; Zhang, Linqi; Chang, Hao; Wang, Zhiguang; Niu, Lijuan; Sheng, Yuchen; Xue, Desheng; Huang, Qing; Zhou, Yucun; Song, Peng; Li, Jinyu

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2020.03.008

Cited by 45 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Energetic particles can knock atoms out of their lattice site and create point defects (vacancies, interstitials). These point defects can evolve into extended defects such as dislocation loops, cavities, or stacking fault tetrahedra [11][12][13][14][15]. In some cases, element segregation, phase transition and chemical interactions can be induced by irradiation [16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase and defect evolution in uranium-nitrogen-oxygen system under irradiation

Khafizov

Jiang

et al. 2021

Acta Materialia

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase and defect evolution in uranium-nitrogen-oxygen system under irradiation

Khafizov

Jiang

et al. 2021

Acta Materialia

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“…Consequently, more Al was added to replenish the loss. 6,12,33 In our methodology, the melting point of Al 8 V 5 and AlV 5 are both above 1600 • C, which suggests that the Al atoms would not escape through evaporation. However, more rich aluminum alloy, Al 8 V 5 , must be added to obtain single-phase V 4 AlC 3 until the actual ratio of V-Al reaches 4:1.8, which is hard to explain along with the old studies.…”

Section: Formation Mechanism Of V 4 Alcmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The MAX phase is named after its distinct layered structure and chemical composition, where M is an early transition metal, A represents an A-group element, and X can be carbon and nitrogen. The solid covalent bonding between M and X endows MAX phase with high elastic modulus, [6][7][8][9][10] outstanding damage tolerance, 11,12 certain mechanical properties, [13][14][15] and the high partial density of states (PDOS) value of the M elements at the Fermi level gives the MAX phase extra electrical conductivity. 16,17 The relatively weak interaction between MX and A makes A layers easily be etched by oxidizing acids or salts, leading to the emergence of a new series of two-dimensional materials named MXene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molten salt synthesis and formation mechanisms of ternary V‐based MAX phases by V–Al alloy strategy

Zhong

Liu

et al. 2021

J Am Ceram Soc.

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V 2 AlC and V 4 AlC 3 are obtained in much milder conditions by a new facile approach using low-cost V-Al alloys and carbon black with the assistance of molten salts. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that our strategy is feasible and thermodynamically superior to the traditional method, with the following X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy fully revealing the phase and morphology evolutions of both reaction processes. Unreported formation mechanisms are revealed for the first time. Al 8 V 5 transforms directly into V 2 AlC with both lattices perfectly overlapped due to the existence of multiple parallel planes between V 2 AlC and Al 8 V 5 with consistent interplanar spacings, which leads to the overlapped phenomenon of the diffraction spots as well. For V 4 AlC 3 , an embedded structure of V 2 AlC-VC is first formed through an aluminum removing behavior in V 2 AlC layers, causing the increase of the VC content, and V 4 AlC 3 is transformed by the embedded V 2 AlC-VC structure through diffusion and interface migration with a possible climb behavior of Frank partial dislocation.

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“…Take Ti 3 AlC 2 for instance. Deng et al [ 131 ] found that irradiation resulted in the phase transformation process of Ti 3 AlC 2 from α to β to Y and to fcc phase, and interestingly, this sequential phase transformation was reversible at high temperatures (from 500 to 800 °C), as shown in Figure 16e. Higher the irradiation temperature, more complete phase recovery.…”

Section: Properties Of Max Phasesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Especially, after radiation with a dose of 0.1 displacements per atom (dpa) at 350 °C, the c lattice parameter of Zr 3 AlC 2 expanded by almost 2.5%. Deng et al [ 131 ] reported the effects of C 4+ ion irradiation on the microstructure and phase composition of Ti 3 AlC 2 MAX phases. Generally, the microstrain of irradiated Ti 3 AlC 2 increased with the increase in irradiation fluence (Figure 16b).…”

Section: Properties Of Max Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

MAX Phases as Nanolaminate Materials: Chemical Composition, Microstructure, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Xia

2021

Adv Eng Mater

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Ceramics is one of the oldest materials prepared and used by human beings. Ancient ancestors started to make pottery by forming and burning clay since the earliest civilizations. Ancient people started to fabricate burnt claywares since %6500 B.C., and clayware as a commercial product was available by %4000 B.C. [1] In modern society, as one of the largest branches in material family, ceramics have been developed and used in almost every fields of human beings' lives. In some senses, ceramics and metals possess complementary properties; generally, ceramics show the advantages of high strength, high hardness, high chemical stability, high wear resistance, whereas ceramics typically show intrinsic brittleness and poor plasticity due to their covalent and/or ionic chemical bonding; metals have good plasticity, high toughness, and high thermal and electronic conductivity; however, they typically show lower chemical stability and lower hardness than ceramics. It would be marvelous for a material to combine the properties of ceramics and metals. MAX phases are the materials that meet the challenge.MAX phases are a family of nanolaminate ternary nitrides and carbides, which were first discovered by Nowotny and his colleagues in Vienna. [2] In the beginning, MAX phases have a general formula of M nþ1 AX n (n ¼ 1-3), where M is a transition metal, A is an element from group A, and X is either carbon or nitrogen. The n value could be 1, 2, or 3, and the phases are named as 211, 312, and 413 MAX phases, respectively. These MAX phases show a hexagonal crystal structure (P63/mmc), consisting of M 6 X octahedra separated by A atomic layers. [3] M─X bonds in M 6 X octahedra are strong covalent bonds, whereas the M─A bonds between M 6 X and A atomic layer are much weaker, especially in shear. This unique bonding structure is analogous to graphite, and it is the special bonding structure that endows MAX phases properties of both ceramics and metals. On the one hand, MAX phases are stiff, lightweight, chemically stable, and oxidation resistant, which are the features of ceramics; on the other hand, they exhibit good electric and thermal conductivity as well as excellent machinability and damage tolerance, which are the features of metals.Unfortunately, MAX phases had not attracted enough attention in both academia and industry until 1996 when Barsoum et al. [4] synthesized and characterized Ti 3 SiC 2 . Ever since then, material researchers become more interested in this material. [5] In the past two decades, many MAX phases have been synthesized and tested to show highly unusual properties, [6] which will be discussed with detail in the following sections. The intensive extent of the researches on MAX phases can be demonstrated by the published papers (Figure 1). A remarkable jump can be observed between 1998 and 1999, and after that, the number of published papers increases steadily, reaching as high as 980 papers in 2019 (Figure 1a). From another aspect, the citation of the milestone paper published by Barsoum [4] also signific...

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Ti3AlC2, a candidate structural material for innovative nuclear energy system: The microstructure phase transformation and defect evolution induced by energetic heavy-ion irradiation

Cited by 45 publications

References 63 publications

Phase and defect evolution in uranium-nitrogen-oxygen system under irradiation

Phase and defect evolution in uranium-nitrogen-oxygen system under irradiation

Molten salt synthesis and formation mechanisms of ternary V‐based MAX phases by V–Al alloy strategy

MAX Phases as Nanolaminate Materials: Chemical Composition, Microstructure, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

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