Ti₃C₂T_x MXene Interface Layer Driving Ultra-Stable Lithium-Iodine Batteries with Both High Iodine Content and Mass Loading

Abstract

Lithium-iodine (Li-I 2 ) batteries are promising candidates for next-generation electrochemical energy storage systems due to their high energy density and the excellent kinetic rates of I 2 cathodes. However, dissolution of iodine and iodide has hindered their widespread adoption for practical applications. Herein, a Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene foam with a three-dimensional hierarchical porous architecture is proposed as a cathode-electrolyte interface layer in Li-I 2 batteries, enabling high-rate and ultrastable cycling performance at a high iodine content and loading mass. Theoretical calculations and empirical characterizations indicate that Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene sheets with high metallic conductivity not only provide strong chemical binding with iodine species to suppress the shuttle effect but also facilitate fast redox reactions during cell cycling. As a result, the Li-I 2 battery using a cathode with 70 wt % I 2 cycled stably for over 1000 cycles at a rate of 2 C, even at an ultrahigh loading mass of 5.2 mg cm −2 . To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the highest reported loading at such a high iodine content. This work suggests that using a Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene interface layer can enable the design and application of high-energy Li-I 2 batteries.

Honeycomb‐like carbon materials derived from coffee extract via a “salty” thermal treatment for high‐performance Li‐I2 batteries

“…Generally, physical adsorption of microporous material and chemical adsorption of heteroatoms to I 2 molecules are promising strategies for addressing these challenges. 11,15,16,[22][23][24][25] Being an outstanding conductive and porous medium for fast electron transfer and rapid iodine redox reactions, N-graphene, 18 Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene, 27 and carbon nanotubes 28 have been used to fabricate the interlayer for these purposes. Additionally, they can offer large reaction interfaces for the pseudo-capacitive storage in Li-I 2 batteries.…”

“…The production of functional materials from naturally available biomass is commonly considered as green and sustainable to substitute expensive carbon materials, such as expensive graphene, [32][33][34] carbon nanotubes, 35 and carbon fibers. [24][25][26][27][36][37][38] Low cost and abundant coffee extract can be used as an excellent precursor to synthesize functional carbon materials due to its relatively consistent uniformity and composition of carbon, nitrogen, and S C H E M E 1 An illustration of the working mechanism of the blocking layer in a rechargeable Li-I 2 battery oxygen (Table S1). In this study, we develop a "salty" thermal treatment to convert this unique precursor into a functional carbon material (Scheme 2).…”

NiFeRu Layered Double Hydroxide and Its Derivatives Supported on Graphite Foam as Binder-Free Cathode for Nonaqueous Li-O2 Batteries

“…Among various available batteries, Li-O 2 batteries (LOBs), which are also called Li-air batteries (LABs), have the highest theoretical specific energy of 3,505 Wh kg −1 . This specific energy is ∼10 times that of Li-ion batteries (Bruce et al, 2012) and higher than other Li metal batteries (Xue et al, 2019;Sun et al, 2020). Therefore, LOBs have attracted immense interest since 1996 as the "holy grail" of batteries (Abraham and Jiang, 1996).…”

Flexible, Stretchable, and Multifunctional Electrospun Polyurethane Mats with 0D‐1D‐2D Ternary Nanocomposite‐Based Conductive Networks

“…[ 19 ] MXene (Ti 3 C 2 T X ) can be synthesized by selectively etching Al atom layers from MAX phase (Ti 3 AlC 2 ) through two main methods, one is etched with hydrofluoric acid and the other is etched with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and lithium fluoride (LiF). [ 20 ] Because of the ultrahigh intrinsic metallic conductivity, stable mechanical properties, and excellent hydrophilicity, MXene (Ti 3 C 2 T X ) have manifested superior performance in fields of energy storage, [ 21 ] sensors, [ 7,22 ] batteries, [ 23 ] electromagnetic shielding, [ 24 ] thermal management, [ 24,25 ] and other eco‐friendly applications. [ 26 ] In addition, the presence of sufficient functional groups (O, OH, F, etc.)…”

“…Various researches on the compound of conductive materials and flexible substrates have emerged. For example, Cai and co-workers designed a versatile and scalable strain sensor based on transition metal carbides or nitrides MXene (Ti 3 C 2 T X ), carbon and excellent hydrophilicity, MXene (Ti 3 C 2 T X ) have manifested superior performance in fields of energy storage, [21] sensors, [7,22] batteries, [23] electromagnetic shielding, [24] thermal management, [24,25] and other eco-friendly applications. [26] In addition, the presence of sufficient functional groups (O, OH, F, etc.)…”