Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2 Anode for Electrochemical Degradation of Pollutants in Pharmaceutical Wastewater: Optimization and Degradation Performances

Zhang, Guozhen; Huang, Xiaoxu; Ma, Jinye; Wu, Fang; Zhou, Tianhong

doi:10.3390/su13010126

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…While, COD is the total sum of all chemically oxidizable forms in the solution, TOC is the sum of only the organic carbon (C-H) remaining in the solution. The difference is in line with other works cited in literature (Zhang et al 2021;Patidar et al 2022).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In electrochemical oxidation, surface area of electrode was found to be a crucial factor as it was directly proportional to the amount of hydroxyl radical production and direct electron transfer at the anode(Sharma et al 2020; Boudreau et al 2018;Zhang et al 2021). Figure2(a) shows the effect of electrode surface area on COD removal at 112 mg/L of DEP concentration, 22 mA/cm 2 current density and pH 3 in 60 min treatment time.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical oxidation of diethyl phthalate at two dimensional graphite sheet electrodes: optimization and analysis of degradation in water with HRMS

et al. 2023

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Concentration of phthalates in the environment has been steadily increasing due to their high utilization rate and the inability of conventional wastewater and water treatment to remove them. Electrochemical oxidation at Boron doped diamond (BDD) was effective for phthalate removal but costly and unaffordable in many situations. Hence, we carried out the electrochemical oxidation of Diethyl Phthalate (DEP) at two dimensional graphite electrodes as a low cost alternative to oxidation at BDD electrodes. Optimization studies found that high concentrations of DEP (56-112 mg/L) can be effectively removed from water with acidic pH (pH 3), 60 mA/cm 2 current density, 81 cm 2 anode surface area and 10 mM sodium sulfate with 60 min treatment time. At 56 mg/L DEP concentration, COD and TOC removal were 92.5% and 70% respectively. FTIR studies were conducted to nd out whether any adsorption or electrosorption had taken place at the electrode surface. High performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array (HPLC-PDA) analysis of 84 mg/L DEP solution treated at optimal conditions found 97.3% removal of DEP. High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) studies utilizing Ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of ight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-ToF-MS) were conducted for nding the degradation byproducts and possible degradation pathway was proposed with the degradation mechanism.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical oxidation of diethyl phthalate at two dimensional graphite sheet electrodes: optimization and analysis of degradation in water with HRMS

et al. 2023

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“…( 22) is usually used to evaluate the energy consumption during electrochemical oxidation processes. It is expressed per g of removed COD (48).…”

Section: Specific Energy Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Degradation of Synthetic Textile Wastewater by C/MnO2 Electrode Assessed by Surface Response Methodology

Doumbi

Noumi

Domga

2021

Avicenna J Environ Health Eng

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The current work investigated the optimization of synthetic textile wastewater (STW) containing methyl orange, crystal violet, and neutral red reactive dye degradation on manganese dioxide coated on graphite electrode using the Box-Behnken design (BBD). Carbon coated by manganese oxide (C/ MnO2 ) electrode was prepared by the sol-gel method. Graphite substrates were obtained from spent lithium-ion batteries for recycling and reducing the price of the electrode material in electrochemical processes. C/MnO2 was used as anode and cathode in an electrochemical cell during experiments. In addition, BBD was applied to design the experiments and find the optimal conditions for the degradation of STW. From the proposed model, the rate of the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) reached 83.63% with the optimum conditions (6.989 hours, concentration of 1.5 g/L NaCl, and current density of 50 mA/cm2 ). Based on the obtained optimum values, the specific energy consumption was around 30.359 kWh (kg COD)-1. Furthermore, the C/MnO2 electrode was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, and MnO2 films were prepared from the sol-gel process and deposited on graphite. Thus, using graphite coated with manganese dioxide, indirect anodic oxidation (IAO) can be efficient for the removal of the organic matter from the real textile dye bath.

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“…Ruthenium dioxide coated titanium (Ti‐RuO 2 ) anode is an emerging alternative over other anodes for the EO of organic pollutants. It has been reported to be dimensionally stable and noncorrosive and exposed high electrocatalytic action in order to produce varieties of robust oxidants (Cl − , •OH, H 2 O 2 , O 3 ) (Carneiro et al, 2005; Chauhan & Srivastava, 2022; Kaur et al, 2018, 2019a,b; Kim et al, 2003; Kumar et al, 2015; Wang, 2021; Zhang et al, 2019, 2021). Further, to the best of the authors' knowledge, no study on EO of 4‐ABP aromatic amine have been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocatalytic oxidation of aromatic amine (4‐aminobiphenyl): Kinetics and transformation products with mechanistic approach

Verma

Kushwaha

Singh

et al. 2022

Water Environment Research

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Electrocatalytic oxidation (EO) of carcinogenic 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) aromatic amine was performed using Ti-RuO 2 anodes. Current (I), pH, electrolysis time (t), and 4-ABP initial concentration (C o ) were selected as EO parameters, and their effects on %4-ABP removal (R 1 ) and energy consumed (R 2 ) were studied. Experimental design, parameters optimization, and their interaction with responses R 1 and R 2 were performed using response surface methodology. At optimized parameters, %TOC removal and 4-BP mineralization current efficiency (%MCE) were assessed to evaluate the potential of Ti/RuO 2 anodes towards 4-ABP mineralization. Simultaneous TOC and 4-ABP degradation kinetics were also studied to evaluate the competition in 4-ABP mineralization and degradation. Further, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis was performed to identify the 4-ABP transformation products during the EO, and a mechanism describing the EO transformation was proposed. At optimum parameters (I = 1.2 A; pH = 4.0; t = 30 min; C o = 30 ppm), responses were found to be R 1 = 60.25%; R 2 = 2.49 kWh/g of 4-ABP removed. %TOC removal and %MCE were 52.4% and 34.2%, respectively.

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Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2 Anode for Electrochemical Degradation of Pollutants in Pharmaceutical Wastewater: Optimization and Degradation Performances

Cited by 19 publications

References 40 publications

Electrochemical oxidation of diethyl phthalate at two dimensional graphite sheet electrodes: optimization and analysis of degradation in water with HRMS

Electrochemical oxidation of diethyl phthalate at two dimensional graphite sheet electrodes: optimization and analysis of degradation in water with HRMS

Electrochemical Degradation of Synthetic Textile Wastewater by C/MnO2 Electrode Assessed by Surface Response Methodology

Electrocatalytic oxidation of aromatic amine (4‐aminobiphenyl): Kinetics and transformation products with mechanistic approach

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