Ti‐Based Oxide Anode Materials for Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage: Lithium/Sodium Ion Batteries and Hybrid Pseudocapacitors

Abstract

The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201904740.Titanium-based oxides including TiO 2 and M-Ti-O compounds (M = Li, Nb, Na, etc.) family, exhibit advantageous structural dynamics (2D ion diffusion path, open and stable structure for ion accommodations) for practical applications in energy storage systems, such as lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, and hybrid pseudocapacitors. Further, Ti-based oxides show high operating voltage relative to the deposition of alkali metal, ensuring full safety by avoiding the formation of lithium and sodium dendrites. On the other hand, high working potential prevents the decomposition of electrolyte, delivering excellent rate capability through the unique pseudocapacitive kinetics. Nevertheless, the intrinsic poor electrical conductivity and reaction dynamics limit further applications in energy storage devices. Recently, various work and in-depth understanding on the morphologies control, surface engineering, bulk-phase doping of Ti-based oxides, have been promoted to overcome these issues. Inspired by that, in this review, the authors summarize the fundamental issues, challenges and advances of Ti-based oxides in the applications of advanced electrochemical energy storage. Particularly, the authors focus on the progresses on the working mechanism and device applications from lithium-ion batteries to sodium-ion batteries, and then the hybrid pseudocapacitors. In addition, future perspectives for fundamental research and practical applications are discussed. www.advancedsciencenews.com

FeTiO3 as Anode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: from Morphology Control to Decomposition

“…The higher capacity retention observed for the FTO_hyd70 sample is in turn related to the electrochemical activity of the layered titanate as insertion like anode material. The layered structure characterized by huge interlayer distance allows for facile insertion/de‐insertion of Na ions and thus in improved stability upon cycling respect to a conversion‐type anode material, as already reported for similar systems . The performance of the FTO_hyd70 are not directly comparable with the highly promising literature data for layered titanate systems− as in our case the layered titanate is only a fraction of the active material, in which also Fe 2 O 3 is present.…”

Porous niobia spheres with large surface area: alcothermal synthesis and controlling of their composition and phase transition behaviour

“…Ti-Nb binary oxides have attracted signicant attention since their discovery as they exhibit reduced electrical resistance, 30 high photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation, 31 and controlled Brønsted/Lewis acidity. 32 In particular, using Ti-Nb binary oxides in lithium and sodium ion batteries 19,33,34 has attracted great attention because of its improved electronic conductivity, 35 ion diffusion path expansion, 35 and high theoretical capacity. 36 As mentioned in the introduction, composite MARIMOs consisting of plural metal oxides have been successfully synthesized.…”

“…36 Thus, TiNb 2 O 7 has attracted signicant attention is promising for application in electric vehicles. 19,33,34 However, TiNb 2 O 7 suffers from low ionic and electric conductivity. Tailoring special nanostructures of TiNb 2 O 7 can be used to harness the advantages of nanomaterials, including high electrode/electrolyte contact area and short ion diffusion distances.…”

Revisiting the Sodiation Mechanism of TiO2 via Operando X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

“…TiO 2 has gained considerable interest as negative electrode material in lithium-ion batteries due to its stable cycling and inherently safe insertion potential [1,2]. While the latter is preserved for its reaction towards sodium, the underlying redox mechanism is clearly distinct from the lithium insertion reaction [3][4][5]. Nevertheless, stable electrochemical cycling with high reversibility has been obtained for the sodiation reaction of anatase, the most redox-active TiO 2 polymorph, which continues to nourish performance-orientated research interest [6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

“…At the same time, the precise reaction mechanism on which this remarkable performance is based is still not completely understood. In practice three different mechanisms have been proposed for the electrochemical sodiation of TiO 2 anatase: (i) the redox reaction based on the Ti 4+ /Ti 3+ with no phase change, (ii) the redox reaction based on Ti 4+ /Ti 3+ with the intermediate formation of an amorphous phase, and (iii) a complete conversion reaction mechanism implying the formation of metal Ti nanoparticles [5]. For instance, while Kim et al [12] simply proposed the reversible intercalation of sodium ions in anatase, Passerini and coworkers suggested a much more complex mechanism implying the disproportionation of an intermediate sodium titanate phase into a mixture of new phases including Ti metal and amorphous titanate during the first discharge process, the latter phase being responsible for the further cycling activity of the material [4].…”