THz sensor based on dual-core PCF with defect core in detecting adulteration of olive oil

Abstract

A Mach-Zehnder interferometric sensor with a dual-core photonic crystal fiber structure with defect cores is designed, which is used to detect the content of crude refined or refined cottonseed oil in olive oil in terahertz band. The radius of the central air holes and the defect cores in the dual-core fiber structure are optimized, so that the interval between adjacent transmission peaks of mixed oil doped with different contents of crude refined or refined cottonseed oil is as large as possible, the transmission spectrum width is as small as possible, and the transmission depth is as deep as possible. The linear relationship between the resonance frequency and the content of doped cottonseed oil is obtained, and the average sensitivities are 5.976 × 10 −4 THz/% and 2.212 × 10 −4 THz/%.

Design and Performance Analysis of a Novel Hollow Core-Based Photonic Crystal Fiber for Edible Oil Sensing in the Terahertz (THz) Regime

“…This is better than the results of earlier studies in Refs. [8][9][10][11][12][13]. A smaller effective area results from the light confinement becoming more concentrated at increasing operating frequency, f. When the frequency is increased from 0.9 THz to 2 THz, Figure 9 shows the effective area of the photonic crystal fiber for the ideal core diameter.…”

“…Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) has provided novel possibilities for improving photonic instruments for sensing and communication applications. The design of this kind of glass fiber offers the implementation of a wider range of optical properties, including indefinite single-mode operation, a higher effective core area, increased transparency, design flexibility, and low loss [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

“…Results indicate a high relative sensitivity (65.13%) and low confinement loss (1.5 ×10 -3 dB/m) at a 1.533 µm wavelength, suggesting its suitability for industrial and medical applications requiring HCN detection. [8] Rakib Hossen et al discusses a novel photonic crystal fiber (PCF) design for detecting alcohols like ethanol, butanol, and propanol using terahertz (THz) spectrum sensing. Utilizing a hexahedron core and heptagonal cladding with circular air holes, the PCF demonstrates high sensitivity and low confinement losses at 1 THz, making it suitable for various applications, including the food and beverage industry.…”

Design and Performance Analysis of a Novel Hollow Core-Based Photonic Crystal Fiber for Edible Oil Sensing in the Terahertz (THz) Regime

“…This is better than the results of earlier studies in Refs. [8][9][10][11][12][13]. A smaller effective area results from the light confinement becoming more concentrated at increasing operating frequency, f. When the frequency is increased from 0.9 THz to 2 THz, Figure 9 shows the effective area of the photonic crystal fiber for the ideal core diameter.…”

“…Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) has provided novel possibilities for improving photonic instruments for sensing and communication applications. The design of this kind of glass fiber offers the implementation of a wider range of optical properties, including indefinite single-mode operation, a higher effective core area, increased transparency, design flexibility, and low loss [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”