THz optical properties of different 3D printing polymer materials in relation to FTIR, Raman, and XPS evaluation techniques

Kaluza, Mateusz; Surma, Mateusz; Komorowski, Paweł; Walczakowski, Michał; Siemion, Agnieszka

doi:10.1109/irmmw-thz50927.2022.9895845

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Various polymer materials used in FDM 3D printing were previously examined with the THz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) method (Kaluza et al, 2022). In this way, the optical properties of the materials were determined.…”

Section: Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cost of production of THz optical elements is usually high as a result of the limited number of materials showing suitable optical properties in the THz radiation range. Currently, research is being conducted on new materials for the production of THz optics (Cunningham et al, 2011;Siemion et al, 2012;Han et al, 2013;Sahin et al, 2019;Siemion, 2020;Kaluza et al, 2022). Promising results for polymer materials provide the opportunity to replace Teflon, the most widely used material in the fabrication of THz optics, which is costly considering the low-scale production of optical components (Wietzke et al, 2011;Fedulova et al, 2012;Sahin et al, 2019;Kaluza et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, research is being conducted on new materials for the production of THz optics (Cunningham et al, 2011;Siemion et al, 2012;Han et al, 2013;Sahin et al, 2019;Siemion, 2020;Kaluza et al, 2022). Promising results for polymer materials provide the opportunity to replace Teflon, the most widely used material in the fabrication of THz optics, which is costly considering the low-scale production of optical components (Wietzke et al, 2011;Fedulova et al, 2012;Sahin et al, 2019;Kaluza et al, 2022). It has to be highlighted that additive manufacturing technologies apply different forms of various polymer materials in the manufacturing process, e.g., fused deposition modeling (FDM) uses filament wires or selective laser sintering (SLS) requires polymer powers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The numerical simulations were performed and the corresponding SIMO structures were manufactured using FDM 3D printing. Cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), previously examined with the THz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) (Kaluza et al, 2022), was chosen as the best material for manufacturing SIMO structures. Subsequently, manufactured SIMO structures were verified in an experimental setup considering narrow-band input THz signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Terahertz focusing blazed diffractive optical elements for frequency demultiplexing

Kaluza,

Komorowski,

Zagrajek

et al. 2023

Adv. Opt. Technol.

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This study presents the novel optical passive components for spatial frequency division demultiplexing of terahertz (THz) radiation. Four different diffractive optical elements (DOEs) were designed as the combination of phase kinoform lenses and phase blazed diffraction gratings. The designed structures were verified in numerical simulations and they showed the promising results. Subsequently, they were manufactured using fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing technology from highly transparent cyclic olefin copolymer (COC). The manufactured structures were examined in the experimental setup. The results matched numerical simulations. Thus, eight frequencies in the range from 150 GHz to 220 GHz every 10 GHz were spatially separated. The novel design solution guaranteed 63% higher relative efficiency compared to the reference DOE. The presented study can be suitable as the application for 6G technology telecommunication systems as the spatial frequency division demultiplexing component for the THz radiation band.

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Section: Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Terahertz focusing blazed diffractive optical elements for frequency demultiplexing

Kaluza,

Komorowski,

Zagrajek

et al. 2023

Adv. Opt. Technol.

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show abstract

“…The popularity of FDM 3D printing results in the vast selection of available filaments. Some of them, such as cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), polypropylene (PP), or styrene butadiene copolymer (SBC), are characterized by very good optical properties in the THz spectral range [16,20]. The mentioned materials exhibit low absorption coefficients even for frequencies as high as 1 THz, which makes them worthy of consideration for manufacturing DOEs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printed diffractive lenses operating at 1 THz

Komorowski,

Kaluza,

Surma

et al. 2023

physics

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In this paper, we demonstrate the manufacturing of diffractive optics for frequencies as high as 1 THz using a relatively simple and cost-effective fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing technique. Four diffractive lenses were designed and manufactured from the cyclic olefin copolymer (COC). Fabrication of diffractive lenses for such high frequencies was possible due to an unusually small nozzle, refined printing procedures and a very transparent material. For the two of the manufactured lenses, more than twofold improvement in focusing efficiency has been shown in a direct comparison with their refractive counterparts. Moreover, the other two elements demonstrated the feasibility of lenses with very small f-numbers (0.95 and 0.63) with this technique.

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Segmentation of THz holograms for homogenous illumination

Surma,

Kaluza,

Komorowski

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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This paper investigates the feasibility of applying the hologram segmentation method for homogeneous illumination. Research focuses on improving the uniformity of the illumination obtained from diffractive optical elements in the THz range. The structures are designed with a modified Ping-Pong algorithm and a neural network-based solution. This method allows for the improvement of uniform illumination distribution with the desired shape. Additionally, the phase modulations of the structures are divided into segments, each responsible for imaging at different distances. Various segment combination methods are investigated, differing in shapes, image plane distances, and illumination types. The obtained image intensity maps allow for the identification of the performance of each combination method. Each of the presented structures shows significant improvements in the uniformity of imaged targets compared to the reference Ping-Pong structure. The presented structures were designed for a narrow band case—260 GHz frequency, which corresponds to 1.15 mm wavelength. The application of diffractive structures for homogenization of illumination shows promise. The created structures perform designed beamforming task with variability of intensity improved up to 23% (standard deviation) or 45% (interquartile range) compared with reference structure.

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THz optical properties of different 3D printing polymer materials in relation to FTIR, Raman, and XPS evaluation techniques

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Terahertz focusing blazed diffractive optical elements for frequency demultiplexing

Terahertz focusing blazed diffractive optical elements for frequency demultiplexing

3D printed diffractive lenses operating at 1 THz

Segmentation of THz holograms for homogenous illumination

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